bio Flashcards
Darwin used the term “descent with modification.”
What did Darwin mean?
every organism came from one same organism and changed into what we have now by adapting
A method of breeding that allows only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to mate and produced offspring is called?
selective breeding
What is artificial selection?
when we select desirable traits from an organsim
In artificial selection, how is it determined which traits and characteristics will be passed to future offspring?
selective breeding
In natural selection, how is it determined which traits and characteristics will be passed to future offspring?
if they survive with the traits they have then it will be passed if not then that trait will die out
What term did Darwin use to describe the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment?
natural selection
In artificial selection, how is it determined which traits and characteristics will be passed to future offspring?
selective breeding
In natural selection, how is it determined which traits and characteristics will be passed to future offspring?
if they survive with the traits they have then it will be passed if not then that trait will die out
What term did Darwin use to describe the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its environment?
natural selection
There are four essential parts to Darwin’s theory of evolution. One part of his theory is listed below. Fill in the blank with the missing term to make the statement correct.
In each generation, more offspring
are produced than can _________.
survive
There are four essential parts to Darwin’s theory of evolution. One part of his theory is listed below. Fill in the blank with the missing term to make the statement correct.
Individuals in a population have ____________ in traits.
similarity
There are four essential parts to Darwin’s theory of evolution. One part of his theory is listed below. Fill in the blank with the missing term to make the statement correct.
Individuals must compete for ____________.
resources
There are four essential parts to Darwin’s theory of evolution. One part of his theory is listed below. Fill in the blank with the missing term to make the statement correct.
Individuals with adaptive traits are more likely to ____________.
survive and reproduce
Which individuals will survive and reproduce and which will not is determined by _______.
resources
Individuals possessing characteristics that are not well suited to their environment will either _______.
die or adapt
List five areas that provide evidence to support the theory of evolution.
fossils, observations, biogeography, anatomy and molecular biology
Explain how the fossil record provides evidence for evolution.
fossils of the same species as an existing organism can show variation the older it is showing evolution
Explain how “geographic distribution” provides evidence for evolution.
evolution and movement of tectonic plates go hand in hand
Explain how homologous body structures provide evidence for evolution.
if all organisms from a species share a physical characteristic, it could mean the shared ancestor had that characteristic
Explain how embryology provides evidence for evolution.
Explain how embryology provides evidence for evolution.
Explain how biological molecules provide evidence for evolution.
similar biological molecules can show shared evolutionary history
What term is used to describe body structures that are similar in structure but are different in function?
homologous structures
What term is used to describe body structures that are similar in function but have different structures?
serially homologous structures
What term is used to describe body structures that are reduced in size and seem to be “left over” from an ancient ancestor?
vestigal structures
Give an example of homologous body structures.
whale leg bones
Give an example of two structures that are analogous to one another.
bird wings and butterfly wings
List two examples of vestigial structures.
goosebumps and wisdom teeth
Two organisms have several homologous structures in common. What conclusion can be reached about these two organisms?
they may have come from the same organism which no longer exists
It is possible for evolution to occur so quickly that it can be viewed in a single lifetime. Give examples of evolution that you have seen in your lifetime.
insects surviving pesticide
List three reasons why species become extinct.
lack of resources, over hunting, unable to reproduce
What is the evolutionary result of a mass extinction?
animals cant evolve off of extinct animals
Define the term “adaptive radiation.”
a group of a species that diversified a lot in very specific ways
Organisms that are distantly related to one another often come to resemble each other because they live in similar environments.
This concept is known as __________ evolution.
convergent
In ____________ evolution, closely related species become more and more dissimilar
divergent
The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other is known as ___________.
coevolution
Describe the model of evolution known as punctuated equilibrium.
when theres no change in an organisms characteristics for a long period of time and then rapid change
Describe the model of evolution known as gradualism
a gradual change in an organisms characteristics
