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Advanced Exam Studies > Champagne > Flashcards

Champagne Flashcards

0
Q

Which soil type best characterizes Champagne vineyards?

A

Chalk

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1
Q

What is dosage?

A

An addition of sugar and wine that determines the wines final sweetness.

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2
Q

What does “RM” indicate on a Champagne bottle?

A

Recoltant Manipulant - A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit.

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3
Q

What is the most southerly region in Champagne?

A

The Aube

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4
Q

What is degorgement?

A

Expelling the sediment from the bottle after remuage.

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5
Q

What grape accounts for the largest acreage in Champagne?

A

Pinot Noir

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6
Q

What are the two main types of chalk soils in champagne?

A

Belemnite (high limestone content) and Micraster (named for an extinct sea urchin)

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7
Q

When was the CIVC formally established?

A

1941

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8
Q

What is the CIVC?

A

The regulatory body responsible for mediating relations between growers and producers, oversees the production methods and promotion of Champagne.

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9
Q

What does “NM” indicate on a Champagne bottle?

A

Negociant Manipulant - A house that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other smaller houses.

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10
Q

What are the only two premier cru villages with a 99% echelle ranking?

A

Mareuil-sur-Ay (Vallee de la Marne) and Tauxieres in Montagne de Reims

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11
Q

What are two still wine appellations of Champagne?

A

Coteaux Champenois (red, white, rose wines from entire appellation)

Rose de Riceys (100% Pinot noir rose wines produced in Les Riceys, a cru village in the Aube)

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12
Q

Name the seven AOP regions of France for cremant wines produced by the traditional method

A 
Crement de Bordeaux,
Crement de Bourgogne,
Crement de Loire,
Crement de Limoux,
Crement de Die,
Crement de Jura,
Crement de Alsace
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13
Q

What is vin de cuvee?

A

The first 2,050 liters to be extracted from 4,000 kg of grapes

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14
Q

What is Deblocage?

A

The release of older vintages of base wine for use in assemblage

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15
Q

What are the only four pruning methods permitted in a vineyard in Champagne?

A

Cordon de Royat,
Chablis,
Valle de la Marne,
Guyot

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16
Q

What is sur latte?

A

Champagne bottles kept in a horizontal position

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17
Q

What is bouvreux?

A

A second crop, generally left on the vine at harvest

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18
Q

What is pointage?

A

A process in which bottles are shaken to prevent sediment from sticking to the glass

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19
Q

What village was elevated to grand cru status in 1985?

A

Verzy

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20
Q

Mauzac is the dominant grape in which sparkling wine appellation?

A

Blanquette de Limoux

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21
Q

What is the oldest Champagne house?

A

Gosset

Founded in 1584

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22
Q

What is Remuge or Riddling?

A

A procedure that allows sediment to be easily removed from a bottle during disgorgement

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23
Q

Who is Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin?

A

The Veuve “widow” Clicquot, assumed control of the house that bears her name after her husband’s death shortly after the turn of the 19th century.

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24
Q

Who is Jean-Antoine Chaptal?

A

The French chemist and statesman for whom the process of chaptalization is named.

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25
Q

Who put the first Brut champagne on the market?

A

Pommery in 1874

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26
Q

What year was Champagne enshrined in the new Appellation d’Origine Controlee system?

A

1936

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27
Q

True or False?

Champagne remains the only AOC/AOP that does not need to include Appellation Controlee (or Protégée) on the label

A

True

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28
Q

What years did Phylloxera strike Champagne?

A

1890’s

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29
Q

What does the CIVIC stand for?

A

Comité Interprofessional du vin de Champagne

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30
Q

What year was the inaugural vintage of Moët et Chandon’s Dom Pérignon?

A

1921

31
Q

What is the dominant soil type in Aube?

A

Clay

32
Q

What is Les Bleus de ville?

A

Shreds of blue plastic bags recycled to fertilize vineyards, outlawed in 1998

33
Q

What are grape varietals are allowed in Champagne besides the obvious ones?

A

Pinot Blanc Vrai (“true Pinot Blanc, a White from Pinot Noir)

Arbane

Pinot Gris

Petit Meslier

34
Q

What is the the traditional basket press used in Champagne?

A

Coquard

35
Q

What are the five districts of Champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims (Pinot Noir)

Valle de la Marne (Pinot Meunier)

Côte des Blancs ( Chardonnay)

Vote de Sezanne (Chardonnay)

Cotes des Bars (the Aube) (Pinot Noir)

36
Q

What is the Echelle de Crus?

A

The name of the ranking for villages that are awarded grand cru or premier cru status.

37
Q

What are the highest and lowest rankings on the Echelle de Crus scale?

A

A maximum of 100 for Grand Cru status

an Echelle of 90-99 were classified as premier crus

A rating below 90 were simply crus

38
Q

What is the vin de cuvée?

A

First pressing (the first 2,050 Liters)

39
Q

What is the vin de taille?

A

The second pressing (the following 500 Liters)

Usually richer in pigment and tannin, many producers sell off this lesser component

40
Q

What is rebeche?

A

The third extraction

Required by law and must comprise 1-10% of the total.

Used for distillate not champagne

41
Q

What is NM (Negociant Manipulant)?

A

A house that purchases grapes and or base wines from growers and other small houses.

42
Q

What is RM (Recoltant Manipulant)?

A

A grower-producer who makes champagne from estate grown fruit. 95% of the grapes must originate in the producers own vineyards.

43
Q

What is CM (Cooperative Manipulant)?

A

A growers co-operative that produces the wine under a single brand.

44
Q

What is RC (Recoltant Cooperateur)?

A

A grower who’s grapes are vinified at a co-operative, but sells the wine under his own label.

45
Q

What is SR (Societe de Recoltants)?

A

A firm, not a co operative, set up by a union of often related growers, who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands.

46
Q

What is ND (Negociant Distributeur)?

A

A middleman company that distributes Champagne it did not make.

47
Q

What is MA (Marque d’Acheteur)?

A

A buyers own brand, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that produces Champagne and sells it under its own label.

48
Q

What is debourbage?

A

When the juice settles after the pressing

49
Q

What is bourbes?

A

The remaining solids that can be removed from the must by racking prior to fermentation

50
Q

What is vin clairs?

A

After the must is chaptalized, it will go undergo primary fermentation. Vin Clairs is the resulting high acid base wine

51
Q

What is liqueur de tirage?

A

A mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar, and fining agents that will serve to ignite the second fermentation.

52
Q

What is the prise de mousse?

A

The second fermentation

53
Q

What is a bidule?

A

A plastic capsule that will serve to capture the sediment during remuage

54
Q

What is pupitre?

A

Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright “A” shape, with sixty angled holes cut into each plank of wood.

(The widows Clicquot’s was involved in the development)

55
Q

What is a remuer?

A

Someone who would turn and tilt each bottle over a period of about eight weeks. They are rumored to have handled upwards 70,000 bottles a day.

56
Q

What is the gyropalette?

A

A spanish invention, an automated device that holds 504 bottles. It has replaced hand riddling at all the major houses.

57
Q

What is degorgement a la glace?

A

The modern method, dipping the neck of the bottle in a freezing brine solution.

58
Q

What is degorgement a la volee?

A

An older method of degorgement, without freezing the sediment excess wine

59
Q

What is dosage, or liqueur d’expedition?

A

A liquid mixture of sugar syrup and wine that tops off the wines when they are fully fermented to dryness.

60
Q

Sweetness levels for Champagne

A

Brut Naturé/Non-Dose: 0-3 grams per liter, no added dosage

Extra Brut: 0-6 grams per liter

Brut: 0-12 grams per liter

Extra Dry: 12-17 grams per liter

Sec: 17-32 grams per liter

Demi-Sec: 32-50 grams per liter

Doux: 50+ grams per liter

61
Q

What is a muselet?

A

A wire cage the bottle of Champagne is secured with.

This was invented by Adolphe Jacquesson in 1844

62
Q

Champagne bottle sizes

A

Quarter Bottle (Piccolo): 187 ml

Half Bottle (Demi): 375 ml

Bottle: 750 ml

Magnum: 1.5 L (2 bottles)

Jeroboam: 3 L (4 bottles)

Rehoboam (discontinued in 1989): 4.5 L (6 bottles)

Methuselah: 6 L (8 bottles)

Salmanazar: 9 L (12 bottles)

Balthazar: 12 L (16 bottles)

Nebuchadnezzar: 15 L (20 bottles)

Solomon: 18 L (24 bottles) sometimes called a Melchior

63
Q

Coteaux Champenoise

A

Covers still red, white, and rose wines from the entire appellation

64
Q

Rose de Riceys

A

Reserved for 100% Pino Noir rose wines produced in Les Riceys, a Cru village in the Aube

65
Q

What are the seven AOP regions for cremant wines produced by the traditional method?

A

Cremant de Bordeaux

Cremant de Bourgogne

Cremant de Loire

Cremant de Limoux

Cremant de Die

Cremant du Jura

Cremant d’Alsace

66
Q

What are other appellations producing traditional method sparkling wines labeled mousseux or lightly sparkling wines labeled petillant?

A

Vouvray

Montlouis-sur-Loire

Saumur

Vin de Savoie

Seyssel

67
Q

Blanquette de Limoux AOP

A

Wines from the Languedoc region that are also produced by the traditional method, from a minimum 90% Mauzac, Chardonnay, and Chenin Blanc

68
Q

In Italy, what are the two best traditional method sparkling wines?

A

From Lombardy, within the DOCGs of Franciacorta and Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico

69
Q

What two estates lead the way in England for wine made in the traditional method?

A

Nyetimber and Rideview Estate, both located in Sussex

70
Q

Who is at the forefront of traditional method “Cap Classique” sparkling wines in South Africa?

A

Graham Beck

71
Q

What is Methode Ancestrale?

A

Also known as the methode rurale, A single fermentation begins in tank, but the wine is transferred to bottles before the process is complete. Liqueur de tirage is unnecessary.

72
Q

What is the Continuous method/Russian Continuous method?

A

Developed in the USSR, similar to the tank method, but the base wine is pumped through a series of continuous tanks while undergoing the second fermentation.

73
Q

What is the traditional method?

A

Wines made in the fashion of Champagne but produced elsewhere.

74
Q

Montagne de Reims Grand Cru Villages

A

Sillery

Puisieulx

Beaumont-Sur-Vesle

Verzenay

Mailly-Champagne

Verzy

Louvois

Bouzy

Ambonnay

75
Q

Valle de la Marne Grand Cru Villages

A

Ay

Tours-sur-Marne

76
Q

Côtes des Blancs Grand Cru Villages

A

Chouilly

Oiry

Cramant

Avize

Oger

Les Mesnil-sur-Oger

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