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Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

BORDEAUX

A

France’s largest AOC/AOP region

300,000 acres of total vineyard area

Second in volume of production to the Languedoc

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2
Q

What years was Bordeaux ruled by England?

A

1152-1453

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3
Q

What is a Negociant?

A

Someone buying fruit or wine in barrel to age in their own cellars before selling the bottled wine

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4
Q

What are Coutiers?

A

Brokers of wine. Supplying the Château with financial backing while gaining total control over the actual trade of wine.

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5
Q

What is en primeur?

A

Sales, the yearly offering of Bordeaux wine as futures.

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6
Q

What does the term “second wine” mean?

A

A less expensive wine comprised of fruit considered inappropriate for the grand vin.

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7
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Maritime, with both the Atlantic and Gironde estuary acting as moderating influences, protecting the vines from winter freezes and spring frost.

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8
Q

What type of climate change happens toward St Emilion and Pomerol?

A

Continental

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9
Q

What type of weather causes a celebration for Graves?

A

Autumn humidity causes the development of noble rot.

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10
Q

What is the Bordeaux mixture?

A

A mix of lime, copper sulfate, and water.

It is applied throughout the region to avoid fungal problems.

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11
Q

MERLOT

A

The most widely planted grape and the earliest to ripen. Prefers clay based soils, as they delay its natural vigor.

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12
Q

CABERNET SAUVIGNON

A

Prefers well drained gravel which allows the vine’s root system to dig deeply while slight water stress adds concentration to the fruit.

Cabernet Sauvignon has difficulty ripening in colder limestone and clay soils.

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13
Q

Bordeaux Supérieur AOP

A

Red and off-dry white with a higher minimum alcohol content

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14
Q

Cremant de Bordeaux AOP

A

Traditional method sparkling wines produced in Bordeaux.

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15
Q

MEDOC AOP

A

Covers the entire wine producing left bank of the Gironde Estuary. The actual appellation is typically used by those chateaux who do not qualify for a more precise appellation.

Merlot is grown in higher proportion

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16
Q

The Haut-Medoc AOP

A

The best vineyards have well drained gravely soils perfectly suited for Cabernet Sauvignon.

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17
Q

Haut-Medoc AOP communes

A

Saint-Estephe

Pauillac

St. Julien

Listrac-Médoc

Moulis-en-Medoc

Margaux

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18
Q

What is jalles in the Medoc AOP?

A

Draining channels

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19
Q

Cru Artisan

A

Recognized in 2002, approval of the first 44 Château did not occur until 2006.

44 small Producers have the right to use this designation, denoting their place as exceptional stewards of the land and craft of winemaking, without the financing or apparatus of large scale operations.

Must be smaller than 5 hectares and reviewed every ten years.

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20
Q

Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, Cru Bourgeois Superieur, Cru Bourgeois

A

Originally introduced in 1932. Not official until 2003 when only 247 of the original 444 properties retained their status.

In 2008 Cru Bourgeois was reinstated but the higher designation of Exceptionnel and Superieur were eliminated

In 2018 Château may once again apply for all three including Exceptionnel and Superieur

The terms will appear on labels in 2020. The classification will be reviewed every 5 years.

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21
Q

St-Estephe AOP

A

Northern most appellation in Haut-Medoc

Slightly higher percentage of Merlot due to higher proportion of clay amongst the gravel

Host to only five classified growths overall. No first growths

Château Cos d’Estournel (Second Growth)

Château Montrose (Second Growth)

Château Calon Segur (Third Growth)

Château Lafon-Rochet (Fourth Growth)

Château Cos Labory (Fifth Growth)

22
Q

Pauillac AOP

A

Considered classic claret and boasts three first growths

Château Lafite Rothschild

Château Mouton Rothschild

Château Latour

Gravel topsoil at highest point. Cabernet Sauvignon based wines are structured and long lived.

Two Second Growths (Pichon Longueville Baron) and (Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande)

23
Q

St-Julien AOP

A

Produces less wine than the other communes

No first growths but five second growths

Château Leoville-Las Cases(“super-second”)

Château Leoville-Poyferre

Château Leoville Barton

Château Gruaud-Larose

Château Ducru-Beaucaillou (“super-second”)

24
Q

Listrac-Medoc AOP and Moulis-en-Medoc AOP

A

Lesser appellations without classified growths

Château Chasse-Spleen In Moulis-en-Medoc is the most famous estate

25
Q

Margaux AOP

A

The largest communal appellation of the Haut-Medoc spread throughout five villages:

Soussans

Margaux

Cantenac

Labarde

Arsac

Largest number of classified growths (21) including one first growth (Margaux)

26
Q

Graves AOP

A

Soil is similar to the Medoc only it becomes sandier toward the south

Château Haut-Brion (First Growth)

Graves wines first classified in 1953, 16 Château in total are included

Château La Tour Haut-Brion (final vintage in 2005) and Château Laville Haut-Brion (final vintage in 2008) now supply fruit for a second red and new white under the Château La Mission Haut-Brion label

27
Q

Pessac-Leognan AOP

A

Created in 1987 in northern Graves

All cru classe properties are located within the communes of Pessac-Leognan AOP

28
Q

Graves Superieur AOP

A

Three smaller sweet wine appellations: Cerons, Barsac, and Sauterns are located within the region

Produced from Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscadelle

29
Q

What is Botrytis Cinerea called in Graves?

A

Pourriture noble-the noble rot

30
Q

What five villages does Sauterns AOP cover?

A

Sauterns

Barsac

Fargues

Preignac

Bommes

31
Q

What is the Côtes soil on the right bank?

A

Steep limestone slopes

32
Q

What is the graves soil on the right bank?

A

A gravelly limestone plateau resembling soils of the Medoc

33
Q

St-Emilion Grand Cru AOP

A

An appellation rather than a classification

Required to show an additional 0.5% alcohol and must undergo a longer elevage than wines of St-Emilion

All Grand Cru Classe wines must meet the requirements of the St-Emilion Grand Cru AOP

34
Q

Pomerol

A

A tiny AOP

Soil is dominated by sand, clay, and gravel

Merlot is most successful due to the subsoil clay rising very close to the surface

There is no classification in Pomerol

35
Q

What term is Cabernet Franc known as in Pomerol?

A

Bouchet

36
Q

What is the new trend the “microchateau” or garagistes movement?

A

Le Pin In Pomerol, and Valandraud and La Mondotte in St-Emilion were among the vanguard of small Château making powerful ripe and polished modern wines from just a handful of acres.

Le Pin only produces around 6000 bottles of grand vin a year

37
Q

What are the four satellite appellations for St-Emilion?

A

Lussac

St-Georges

Montagne

Puisseguin

38
Q

Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP

A

Pomerol’s neighboring red wine district

Contains the communes of Lalande-de-Pomerol and Neac

39
Q

Fronsac AOP and Canon Fronsac AOP

A

Red wine district near Pomerol

Min. 80% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot

40
Q

Bourg and Côtes de Bourg

A

The oldest vineyards in Bordeaux

Romans brought viticulture to the limestone slopes

Finally faded by those of the Medoc and Graves in the late 1600s

41
Q

Château Roc de Cambes

A

Leads the appellation of Côtes de Bourg

42
Q

Blaye AOP

A

Reds: Min. 50% combined Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, and Merlot

43
Q

Côtes de Blaye AOP

A

Whites: Blanc sec 60-90% combined Colombard and Ugni Blanc, plus Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Semillon

44
Q

Côtes de Bordeaux AOP

A

An alternative to the luxury priced grand vins

Predominantly red and may list the area of origin: Francs, Castillon, Blaye, Cadillac, Sainte Foy on the bottle

45
Q

Entre-Deux-Mers AOP

A

The “land between two seas” the Dordogne and Garonne rivers

Produces dry whites

Enter-Deux-Mers May use the geographical designation Haut-Benauge, but the wines must be dry in style

46
Q

Loupiac AOP

A

A sweet wine appellation that may or may not be affected by Botrytis

47
Q

Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AOP

A

A sweet wine appellation that may or may not be affected by Botrytis

48
Q

Cadillac AOP

A

Grapes are affected by Botrytis and or passerillage, and must be harvested by hand in successive tries

49
Q

Premiers Côtes de Bordeaux AOP

A

Sweet wines in the department of Gironde

50
Q

Cotes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire AOP

A

South of Loupiac

May produce white wines in sec, moelleux, or liquereux styles

Liquereux must be affected by Botrytis, chaptalization is prohibited for Liquereux

51
Q

Graves de Vayres AOP

A

Releases both red and white wines

Blanc: Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, and Semillon. Plus max. 30% Merlot Blanc

Red: All six Bordeaux red grapes allowed

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