Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Terminology > CH8 > Flashcards

CH8 Flashcards

1
Q

The Digestive System Function

A
  • begins breaking down food through
    mechanical and chemical digestion
  • After being digested, nutrient molecules are absorbed into the body and enter the bloodstream
  • Any food not digested or absorbed is eliminated as solid waste

mechanical/chemical digestion -> nutrients absorbed into bloodstream ->

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary Structures

A

Consist of all the structures of the continuous lumen of
digestion tract that starts at the mouth
and ends at the anus
1. oral cavity
2. pharynx
3. esophagus
4. stomach
5. small intestine
6. duodenum
7. jejunum
8. ileum
9. large intestine
10. ascending colon
11. transverse colon
12. descending colon
13. sigmoid colon
14. rectum
15. anus

15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Accessory Organs

A

organs that participate in digestion process, but are not part of the continuous alimentary canal; they are connected to the GI system by ducts
* Salivary glands
* Liver
* Gallbladder
* Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Names of the digestive system

A
  • digestive system
  • alimentary tract
  • gut
  • gastrointestinal (GI) system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

buccal

bucc/o

A

cheek

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gloss/o / ingu/o

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pharyngeal

A

pharynx/throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Epiglottis

A

A structure above the glottis that
drops down over the glottis during
swallowing, and shunts food into
the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

epi-

A

above, upon, over

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

esophagus

A

Muscular tube linking the pharynx
to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

-us

A

structure, thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

gastric

gastr/o

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

rugae

A

Folds in an organ that allow that
organ to expand and contract to
accommodate the change in the
size of its content (i.e. - stomach,
urinary bladder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Small intestines

A

enteral; Consists of the: duodenum,
jejunum, and ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

duodenum

du-oh-dee-num

A

1st segment of the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

-um

A

structure, tissue, thing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

jejunum

je-jew-num

A

2nd segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ileum

A

3rd segment of small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ascending colon

A

1st right lateral section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

transverse colon

A

2nd superior horizantal section

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

trans-

A

across, through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

rectum

rect/o

A

Terminal part of the colon; stores
feces until defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

small bowel

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
defecation aka – bowel movement
the action of excreting of feces
26
fees, stool
Undigested waste material Pertaining to feces
27
peristalsis
Wave-like, contraction and relaxation of the intestinal wall to move food along the digestive tract
28
peritoneum
A double-layered membrane lining the abdominal cavity
29
sphincter
Rings of smooth muscle in the GI tract that can close, preventing passage of contents; they also serve as one-way valves
30
Salivary glands
Exocrine glands that produce saliva and secrete it into the oral cavity Pertaining to saliva
31
parotid gland
Salivary glands located near the ears Pertaining to being beside the ear
32
par-
near, beside
33
sublingual gland
Pertaining to below the tongue, such as a sublingual medication
34
sub-
under, below
35
submandibular gland
Salivary glands located in the mandibular area Pertaining to below the mandible
36
liver
vital organ with many functions: metabolizes carbohydrates, proteins, and fats * detoxification of drugs/alcohol/toxins * produces bile * the largest internal organ
37
hepatic | hapat/o
liver
38
pancreas
Organ that produces enzymes that help digest food and hormones (insulin and glucagon) that regulate blood sugar levels; located in the RUQ behind the stomach
39
crown
The portion of a tooth above the gumline; covered by enamel
40
enamel
Hardest substance in the body; covers the surface of a tooth
41
gingiva | gingiv/o
Gums; Tissue surrounding the teeth and covering the jaw
42
hernia
Protrusion of a structure through the tissue that it normally contains
43
inguinal hernia
A part of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall into the inguinal canal
44
nausea
Involuntary desire to vomit
45
prolapse
An organ or tissue that falls out of its normal position
46
cleft palate
A congenital opening or split in the palate | Congenital = present at birth
47
halitosis
Bad odor of the breath
48
dys-
bad, difficut, abnormal
49
anorexia
loss of appetite
50
an-
without, no, not
51
dyspepsia
Difficult digestion; “upset stomach,”; may include epigastric pain, nausea, and gas
52
emesis
vomit
53
hyperemesis
Excessive vomiting related to pregnancy
54
hematemesis
VO blood
55
pyloric stenosis
Abnormal narrowing of the pyloric sphincter; a congenital defect that impedes the flow of food into the small intestine, causing frequent emesis
56
pyrosis
A sensation of painful burning of the stomach/epigastric area
57
re-
again, back
58
regurgitation
The backwards flow of fluids or solids from one body compartment to another, such as the stomach contents into the mouth
59
enteritis
Inflammation/infection of the small intestines
60
mal-
bad, difficult, abnormal
61
appendicitis
inflammation/infection of the appendix
62
bowel incontinence
inability to control defecation
63
colitis
inflammation of the large intestine (colon)
64
col/o
large intestine
65
diarrhea
abnormally frequent and loose stools
66
diverticulosis
Condition of having diverticula; small pockets form in the colon
67
diverticulitis
Inflammation and/or infection of diverticula
68
volvulus
A torsion (twisting) of the intestine around itself
69
hemorrhoid
A dilated vein in the wall of the anal canal
70
fissure
A tear or crack in a tissue; such as an anal fissure
71
fistula
An abnormal, tube-like passageway that connects two body structures
72
cirrhosis
A chronic, progressive liver disease that is characterized by fibrosis or damage of the liver; alcoholism is the most common cause
73
hepatitis
inflamamtion of liver
74
hepatomegaly
abnormal enlargement of the liver
75
cholecystitis
inflammation of gallbladder
76
cholelithiasis
gallstones
77
pacreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
78
periodontal
Pertaining to around a tooth; periodontal structures include the gingiva, cementum, jawbone
79
bariatrics
treatment of obesity
80
lavage
irrigating a body cavity with fluid
81
gastric lavage
irrigation of stomach
82
cholecystectomy
surgical removal of gallbladder
83
colonoscopy
procedure of viewing the inside of the colon
84
colostomy
Artificial opening from the colon to the surface of the abdomen
85
laparoscopy
Examination of contents within abdomen using an endoscope
86
proctopexy
A surgical procedure to fix or suspend the rectum in place
87
antacid
agent that neutralizes stomach acids
88
colon/o
large intestine
89
antiemetic
agent used to treat nausea, VO, and motion sickness
90
laxative
agents used to treat constipation by stimulating a bowel movement

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions