CH7 Flashcards
epiglottis
a cartilaginous flap in the larynx that diverts food to the esophagus or air to the trachea
eustachian tube
a canal that connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx
glottis
vocal apparatus of the larynx; consists of the vocal cords and the space between them
laryngopharynx
it is the part of the throat that connects to the esophagus and is the location
where air diverts into the lungs and food is shunted into the esophagus
larynx
voice box; connects the pharynx with the trachea; includes the vocal cords
mucus
a normally protective gel secreted by the mucous membrane that assists in cleansing air by trapping dust, pollen, and bacteria
mucous membrane
a protective membrane that lines body passages in both the respiratory and
digestive tracts; they produce mucus as a form of protection
nasal septum
a partition that separates the nose and nasal cavity into right and sides; a dividing wall or membrane especially between bodily spaces or masses of soft tissue
nasopharynx
the upper section of the pharynx located behind the nasal cavity
oropharynx
lies posterior to the mouth (extends from the uvula to the level of the superior aspect of the epiglottis)
paranasal sinuses
four areas of multiple air-filled cavities located within facial bones; they get
their name from being located beside the nose
pharynx
throat
alveoli
small air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged
bronchioles
the smallest airways in the lungs which connect to the alveoli
hilum
a depression in each lung where the right or left main stem bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter each lung
pleura
a double-layered membrane that surrounds each lung
pleural cavity
the space/cavity occupied by each lung
trachea
windpipe; the passageway for air from the larynx to the primary bronchi
bifurcate
divide or split into two branches
apnea
the absence of spontaneous breathing
dyspnea
labored or difficult breathing; commonly called shortness of breath (SOB)
eupnea
normal rate and effort of breathing
tachypnea
fast breathing; an increased respiration rate
bradypnea
the condition of having a lower than normal breathing rate; < 12bpm in an adult at rest
hyperventilation
breathing both too fast (tachypnea) and too deep (hyperpnea)
orthopnea
breathing that is difficult while lying down and is relieved by placing the patient in a sitting or standing position
asphyxia
suffocation; the state of being deprived of oxygen, which can lead to loss of
consciousness or death
cyanosis
refers to the bluish tint of skin due to an insufficient amount of oxygen or circulation
hypercapnia
condition of having excessive carbon dioxide in the body
hypoxemia
an insufficient amount of oxygen in the bloodstream
hypoxia
an insufficient amount of oxygen to body tissues
anosmia
loss of the sense of smell
aspiration
inhaling food, liquid, or a foreign object into the airway
epistaxis
nosebleed
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx that causes hoarseness, loss of voice
pharyngitis
inflammation/infection of the pharynx; commonly called a sore throat
rhinitis/coryza
inflammation of the nasal cavity
rhinorrhea
runny nose; discharge from the nose
sinusitis
inflammation of one or more sinuses; it causes pain and pressure to the area between the eyes and central forehead
bronchiolitis
inflammation of the bronchioles; name for bronchitis in children since there
bronchial tree is so small in size
bronchitis
inflammation of a bronchus
bronchospasm
involuntary muscle spasm of the smooth muscle in the wall of the bronchus; one of the causes of persistent coughing
hemoptysis
coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum
phlegm
thicker than normal mucus produced in the lower respiratory tract
pneumonia
inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli are filled with fluid
pneumothorax
air that escapes into and accumulates between the pleura; causes shortness of breath due to the inability to expand the lung
hemothorax
the abnormal presence of blood in the pleural cavity/space
tracheomalacia
abnormal softening of the trachea
tracheostenosis
abnormal narrowing of the trachea
auscultation (of the chest)
listening to the chest or abdomen for sounds using a stethoscope
percussion
use of the fingertips to tap on a surface to determine the condition beneath the surface
oximeter
a device for determining the oxygen saturation of the blood
crackles
abnormal snapping, crackling and/or popping sounds; commonly attributed to mucus/liquid in the alveoli; indicates the presence of fluid or mucus in the small airways
stridor
an abnormally high-pitched sound caused by an obstruction in the larynx
wheeze/wheezing
a whistling sound produced in the lungs due to obstruction or narrowing of the airways due to inflammation
croup
a narrowing of the upper airway that maybe characterized by a “barking” cough or stridor
bronchoscopy
viewing into the bronchi
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
the provision of chest compressions and ventilation to a person
with apnea (not breathing) and asystole (no heartbeat)
endotracheal intubation
placing of a tube through the mouth and glottis to go into the trachea to
provide a patent airway
upper respiratory infection (URI)
any infection of the upper respiratory system, including the nose, nasal cavities, sinuses and throat; most often used to refer to the common cold, which causes symptoms such as mild-to-moderate fevers, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion
antitussive
a cough suppressant; reduces the urge to cough
bronchodilator
relaxes muscle in bronchial tubes causing them to dilate; used to treat asthma
decongestant
agents that cause vasoconstriction within the nasal membranes, which reduces swelling and congestion of mucous membranes
expectorant
increases bronchial secretions to reduce their viscosity (thickness); lubricates the airway and makes secretions thinner, which helps clear mucus from the airway
bronchiol/o
small bronchial airway
hem/o
blood
pneumo/o, pulmon/o
lung, air
sinus/o
sinus, cavity
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
tuss/o
cough
pharyng/o
throat
-capnia
carbon dioxide
-ectasis
dilation
-ole
small
-osmia
smell
-ostomy
surgically create an opening
-phonia
voice
-pnea
breathing
-ptysis
spitting
-rrhagia
abnormal flow
-rrhea
discharge
-stenosis
narrowing
-thorax
chest
a-,an-
without
anti-
against
brady-
slow
dys-
difficulty, abnormal
endo-
within
eu-
normal
hyper-
excessive
hypo-
insufficient
tachy-
fast
