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Medical Terminology > CH4 > Flashcards

CH4 Flashcards

1
Q

Articulation, joint

A

both terms refer to the place where two bones meet

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2
Q

Bone

A

a hard, rigid connective tissue that forms the skeleton of the body

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3
Q

Cartilage

A

Rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of bones, provides structure tot he rib cage, and helps give shape to ears and nose

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4
Q

Connective tissue

A

Tissue that supports, binds or separates other body tissue and parts; includes bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons

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5
Q

Ligament

A

Band of strong fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone

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6
Q

Tendon

A

Band of strong, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

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7
Q

Perosteum

A

tough, fibrous connective tissue that wraps around the surface of bones

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8
Q

red marrow

A

tissue that produce blood cells

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9
Q

yellow marrow

A

composed of fat cells

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10
Q

diaphysis

A

the central shaft of a long bone

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11
Q

epiphysis

A

the ends of a long bone

uh·pi·fuh·suhs

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12
Q

medullary cavity

A

an open canal in the center of diaphysis

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13
Q

cortical bone

A

compact, hard exterior surface bone; forms a shell around the spongy bone; provides greater strength and rigity

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14
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy-like bone found in the interior of bones; allows a bone to be strong, but lighter than it would be if it consisted of only compact bone

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15
Q

cervical vertebrae – cervical

A

neck

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16
Q

thoracic vertebrae – thoracic

A

chest

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17
Q

lumbar vertebrae – lumbar

A

low back

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18
Q

retrosternal

A

behind sternum

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19
Q

intercostal

A

space between the ribs

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20
Q

intervertebral

A

between vertebrae

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21
Q

temperal bones

A

area of the temples
- temporal – can mean pertaining to time and it is also
used to identify these two bones in the temple regions of the skull

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22
Q

parietal

A

on the sides of the skull posteriorally from the temporal bones; parietal – refers to
the wall of a structure or cavity

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23
Q

occipital

A

back of skull

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24
Q

mandible

A

lower jawbone

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25
Q

carpals

A

8 bones of the wrist

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26
Q

clavicle

A

collar bone

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27
Q

cranium

A

skull; protects the brain and consists of many skull and facial bones

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28
Q

femur

A

upper leg bone; largest bone in the body

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29
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

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30
Q

patella

A

kneecap

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31
Q

phalanges

A

bones of the fingers and toes

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32
Q

radius

A

forearm arm bone on the thumb-side of the forearm

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33
Q

tibia

A

(shin bone) the medial bone of the lower leg

34
Q

fibula

A

the lateral bone of the lower leg

35
Q

ulna

A

forearm bone on the pinky side of the arm

36
Q

complete fracture

A

the fracture in the bone crosses the entire width of the bone

37
Q

incomplete fracture

A

the fracture in the bone does not cross the entire width of the bone

38
Q

comminuted

A

fractured into multiple fragments

39
Q

spiral fracture

A

a twisting action causes the fracture to appear in a spiral form

40
Q

pathologic fracture

A

a fracture caused by disease, such as from a bone infection or osteoporosis

41
Q

stress fracture

A

caused by repetitive low-impact forces of the foot landing on a hard surface

42
Q

orthopedist/orthopedic surgeon

A

diagnoses/treats the muscular system

43
Q

amputation

A

the partial or complete removal of a limb of the body

44
Q

arthroscopy

A

the process of visually examining the interior of a joint

45
Q

craniotomy

A

surgical cutting into the skull

46
Q

craniectomy

A

the surgical removal of part of a bone of the skull

47
Q

lumbar puncture/spinal tap

A

the insertion of a needle between two vertebrae of the lumbar that could be used to inject medication or to remove spinal fluid for testing

48
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

49
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

50
Q

dislocation

A

joint out of place

51
Q

subluxation

A

an incomplete dislocation, the joint alignment is disrupted, but the ends of the bones remain in contact

52
Q

sprain

A

damage to a ligament caused by overstretching or tearing

53
Q

cast

A

long-term immobilization device

54
Q

splint

A

a temporary immobilization device that allows for the inflammation process related to
musculoskeletal injuries

55
Q

ostealgia, osteodynia

56
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnormally soft bone due to malnutrition

57
Q

osteopenia

A

a condition in which bone mass is reduced because the number of osteocytes (bone
cells) being created is not sufficient to compensate for the number of osteocytes being destroyed

58
Q

crepitation, crepitus

A

both terms refer to a grating sound or sensation produced by friction
between bones or the fractured parts of a bone

59
Q

myeloma

A

a type of blood cancer that forms in the bone marrow

60
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation and infection of bone and its bone marrow

61
Q

osteoma

A

a benign tumor made of bone that grows slowly on existing bone

62
Q

corticosteroids

A

the class of drugs that are produced naturally in the adrenal cortex of the kidney
and are used for their strong anti-inflammatory properties

63
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)

A

drugs that provide relief from inflammation, like steroids,
without the steroid component; provide anti-inflammatory benefits and mild-moderate pain relief;
include Aleve (naproxen sodium, aspirin, and Motrin(ibuprofen)

64
Q

epi-

65
Q

inter-

66
Q

intra-

67
Q

peri-

68
Q

retro-

A

backward, behind

69
Q

sub-

70
Q

chondr/o

71
Q

cortic/o

A

outer layer

72
Q

cost/o

73
Q

orth/o

74
Q

pector/o, thorac/o

75
Q

-algia, - dynia

76
Q

-itis

A

inflammation and/or infection

77
Q

-oma

78
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

79
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

80
Q

-sclerosis

A

abnormal hardening

81
Q

-stenosis

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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