CH1&2 Flashcards
Eponym
A medical term used for a procedure, disease, medical device that is named after a person (ex cesarean section, Hodgkin’s disease, Foley catheter)
Constructed Medical Terms
Terms that can be divided into word parts, consists of at least 2 word parts. Must have a suffix
Non-constructed Medical Terms
Terms that cannot be divided into word parts, such as heart, nurse, dog
Sequence for Deconstructing Medical Terms
Start with suffix
- Then add any prefix(es) if there is one
- Then add the word root(s)/combining form(s), in order
Prefix
A word part attached to the beginning of a constructed medical term that modifies the meaning of the word
- not every term has a prefix
- when written alone it is followed by a hyphen ex. anti-
Suffix
Attached to end of a term and adds meaning, such as condition, disease, or procedure
- Medical terms must have a suffix
- Terms can be built from a suffix added to prefix, does not need a word root
Word Root
The foundation of a medical term; it provides the general or basic meaning of the word
Combining Vowel
A vowel added to a word root that is combined to several word parts; combining vowels are only added to word roots
Combining Form
Consists of a word root and combining vowel
ex: word root cardi- = cardi/o in combining form
Cytology
study of cells and their functions
Histology
study of tissues and their functions
Integumentary System
-Largest organ in the body. Holds everything together (gives body INTEGRITY)
- 2 way protective barrier protecting all internal structures
- Provides sensory information about external environment, touch, vibration, pain, temperature
- Includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
Musculoskeletal System
Skeleton supports and protects the body stature
– Site of hematopoiesis (making of blood cells) and storage for minerals and fat
- Osseous (bone) tissue
- Muscles aid in movement; includes bones, joints, muscles
Hematic System (blood)
Transports oxygen, controls bleeding and protects against pathogens
- Includes erythrocytes (RBC), Leukocytes (WBC), thrombocytes (platelets)
Cardiovascular System
- Hematology (study of blood), heart, arteries, veins
- Pumps blood through the body to transport nutrients (oxygen, glucose, amino acids, etc.) and removes waste (carbon dioxide, acids, etc.) from body tissues
Lymphatic System
Protects the body from disease and invasion of pathogens.
- Absorbs extracellular fluid into its vessels and filters out pathogens before returning the fluid back in the cardiovascular system; includes lymph nodes (filters), lymphatic vessels
Respiratory System
Obtains oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body; includes the throat, windpipe and lungs
Digestive System
- Digestion of foods we eat into small molecules that can be absorbed that then generated into energy
- Elimination of solid waste from the body
- includes mouth, throat, stomach, intestines, colon
Urinary System
- Kidneys filter waste products out of the blood (acids, creatinine, urea) and other excess substances (water, salts, etc.)
- includes kidneys and urinary bladder
Nervous System
SENSES/nerves
Receives internal/external sensory information and coordinates the body’s responses; contraction of muscle and excretion from endocrine glands
- Nervous tissue, spinal cord, brain, special senses, and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Endocrine System
-Body regulatory system where chemicals called hormones diffuse through the bloodstream and bind receptors onto tissues/organs causing physiological change
- Regulates metabolic activities of the body
- includes the pituitary gland, thyroid, adrenal glands
Female Reproductive System
Produces eggs for reproduction and a place for fetal growth
Includes uterus, vagina
Male Reproductive System
Produces sperm for reproduction
Includes testicles, penis
Special Sense Organs
Vision, smell, hearing/balance, taste, and touch
- eyes, ears, tongue