CH6 Flashcards
Plasma
the pale yellow liquid component of blood; includes every aspect of blood except for the
formed elements
Enucleated
a cell that does not contain a nucleus
erythrocytes
red blood cells (RBCs); the most common type of blood cell; transports oxygen and
carbon dioxide; get their red color from the hemoglobin content
erythropoiesis
the production/formation of red blood cells
hematopoiesis/hemopoiesis
the production/formation of all blood cells, which takes place in the
bone marrow
hemoglobin
the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen; causesRBCs to have a red color
red bone marrow
produces blood cells
agranulocytes
cells that do not have granules within the cytoplasm (lymphocyte and monocyte)
granulocytes
cells with granules in their cytoplasm (basophil, eosinophil and neutrophil)
leukocytes
white blood cells (WBCs); cells of the immune system that protect the body against
foreign invaders and infectious disease
pathogens
disease generating organisms such a bacteria, viruses and fungi
phagocyte
a cell that has the ability to ingest and digest bacteria and foreign particles
agglutinate
to clump together; thrombocytes clump together into small clusters when a blood
vessel is cut or damage
clotting factors
any of a number of substances in blood plasma that are involved in the clotting
process
coagulate
to convert from a liquid to a gel or solid, as in blood coagulation
hemostasis
the stopping of a flow of blood; literally means blood standing still
thrombocytes/platelets
clotting cells; stop bleeding by clumping and clotting at the site of blood
vessel injury
* not actual cells, but are fragments of a megakaryocyte
anemia
a large group of conditions characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells
or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood
aplastic anemia
a severe form of anemia that develops as a consequence of loss of functioning red
bone marrow; results in a decrease in the number of all the formed elements
dyscrasia
a general term indicating the presence of a disorder/disease affecting blood
embolus
a clot (blood, fat or air) that breaks loose from the original site and floats in the blood,
possibly occluding or stopping blood flow elsewhere
erythrocytosis
condition of too many red blood cells
erythropenia/erythrocytopenia
condition of too few red blood cells
hematologist
one who specializing in the study of blood diseases and conditions
hematoma
a collection of blood under the skin as the result of blood escaping into the tissue from
damaged blood vessels; often referred to as a “goose egg”
hemolytic
a substance or process that causes the destruction of red blood cells
hemolytic anemia
an anemia that develops as the results of erythrocytes being destroyed faster
than they are replaced
hemophilia
a hereditary blood disease in which blood clotting time is prolonged due to a lack of a
vital clotting factor
hemorrhage
blood flowing out of a blood vessel
hyperlipidemia
excessive level of fats/lipids (such as cholesterol) in the bloodstream
leukemia
cancer of the white blood cell–forming red bone marrow resulting in a large number of
abnormal and immature white blood cells circulating in the blood
leukocytosis
condition of having too many white blood cells
leukopenia/leukocytopenia
condition of having too few white blood cells
pancytopenia
having too few of all cells
purulent
consisting, containing, or discharging pus
pus
a thick yellowish or greenish liquid produced in infected tissue, consisting of dead white blood
cells; bacteria, tissue debris and serum
sanguineous discharge/drainage
identifies a discharge or drainage of blood from a wound
septicemia
having bacteria or their toxins in the bloodstream – blood infection; commonly referred
to as sepsis or blood poisoning
sickle cell anemia
a genetic disorder in which erythrocytes take on an abnormal curved or “sickle”
shape
thrombocytopenia/thrombopenia
condition of having too few platelets
thrombocytosis
condition of having too many platelets
thrombus
a stationary blood clot at the original site of injury
blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)
a blood specimen is incubated to check for bacterial growth
and if bacteria are present, they are identified and tested to determine which antibiotics they are
sensitive to
complete blood count (CBC)
a blood test that measures three different types of blood cells;
includes a red blood cell count (RBC), a white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, and
hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit (Hct) levels
CBC w/differential
a CBC plus the percentage of the
five types of white blood cell
hematocrit (HCT)
measures the volume of red blood cells (erythrocytes) within the total volume
of blood
hemoglobin (Hgb)
measures the amount of hemoglobin present in a given volume of blood
morphology
the study of shapes of blood cells; used to determine diseases such as sickle cell
anemia
white blood cell differential (diff)
determines the percentage of each type of leukocytes;
percentages of the five types of WBCs present: neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and
monocytes
infusion
the administration of medications or any intravenous fluids (other than blood) into the
bloodstream
packed red cells (PRBCs)
a transfusion of red blood cells; most of the plasma, leukocytes, and
platelets have been removed, leaving only erythrocytes
phlebotomy/venipuncture
incision (puncture) into a vein in order to remove blood for a
diagnostic test
transfusion
exclusively refers to the administration of blood or parts of blood (plasma, platelets,
etc.) into a patient’s bloodstream
whole blood transfusion
a transfusion that consists of both plasma and formed elements
anticoagulant
substance that prevents blood clot formation; commonly referred to as blood
thinners
antihemorrhagic
Substance that prevents or stops hemorrhaging; a hemostatic agent
antiplatelet
a substance that decreases the action of platelets; interferes with platelet activity to
prevent heart attacks and stroke
contraindication
condition in which a particular drug or procedure should not be used because it
may be harmful
thrombolytic
a substance that is able to dissolve existing blood clots; also called a fibrinolytic
CBC
complete blood count
C&S
culture and sensitivity
Hgb
hemoglobin
Hct
Hematocrit
cyt/o
cell
erythr/o
red
hem/o / hemat/o
blood
leuk/o
white
morph/o
shape
myel/o
bone marrow
phag/o
eat, swallow
phleb/o
vein
septic/o
infection
thromb/o
clots
ven/o, ven/
vein
-cyte
cell
-cytosis
abnormal increase in
number of cells
-emia
blood condition
-lytic
destruction
-osis, -iasis
abnormal condition
-penia
abnormal decrease,
too few
-phil
attracted to
-poiesis
production/formation
-rrhage
abnormal flow
-stasis
standing still
a-, an-
without
anti-
against
auto-
self
pan-
all
dys-
abnormal, difficult
