CH4 section II

Question 1

Muscle

Answer 1

tissue that consists of cells that contract; bundles, sheets or rings of parallel muscle fibers
that contract and relax to produce movement

Question 2

Cartilage

Answer 2

a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of bones, provides structure to
the rib cage, and helps give shape to the ears and nose

Question 3

Tendon

Answer 3

a band of strong fibrous tissue that attach the muscles to the bones

Question 4

Fascia

Answer 4

a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that wraps muscle

Question 5

skeletal muscle

Answer 5

Voluntary muscle - muscle that is directly or indirectly connected to bone and controlled by conscious thought

Question 6

smooth/visceral muscle

Answer 6

a smooth, involuntary muscle located in the walls of hollow organs and
blood vessels; visceral because it is found in organs and smooth based on its appearance

Question 7

cardiac muscle

Answer 7

a specialized, involuntary muscle only found in the heart; the middle layer of the
heart is muscle; aka. – myocardium

Question 8

involuntary muscle

Answer 8

muscles under the control of the subconscious regions of the brain; (i.e. –
smooth and cardiac muscles)

Question 9

How Skeletal Muscles are named

Answer 9

1) Muscle location – biceps brachii (brachii = arm), gluteus medius (medius = middle)
2) Size –gluteus maximus (maximus = biggest); gluteus minimus (medius = small)
3) Number of attachments – biceps = two heads, triceps = three heads, quadriceps = four heads

Question 10

action

Answer 10

the type of movement a muscle produces

Question 11

extension

Answer 11

– reaching or spreading out; the straightening of a limb (arm or leg) at a joint

Question 12

flexion

Answer 12

– the bending or flexing of a joint

Question 13

abduction

Answer 13

– the movement away from the midline of the body

Question 14

adduction

Answer 14

– the drawing toward the midline of the body

Question 15

eversion

Answer 15

– turning outward, such as turning the foot outward at the ankle

Question 16

inversion

Answer 16

– turning inward, such as turning the foot inward at the ankle

Question 17

elevation

Answer 17

– moving a body part up, such as shrugging shoulders or the up action in chewing gum

Question 18

circumduction

Answer 18

– movement in a circular direction from a central point

Question 19

rotation

Answer 19

– the movement of a bone around its own axis

Question 20

pronation

Answer 20

– the rotation of the hand causing the palm of the hand to face downward

Question 21

trapezius muscles

Answer 21

– the medial shoulder muscles as well as the upper back muscles. They extend
from the base of the occipital bone of the skull downward to the scapulae (shoulder blades) and the
thoracic vertebrae

Question 22

deltoid muscles

Answer 22

– the lateral shoulder muscles; form the rounded contour of the shoulder

Question 23

pectoralis muscles

Answer 23

muscles of the chest.

Question 24

biceps brachii

Answer 24

– the muscle of the upper arm, between the anterior shoulder and the anterior
aspect of the elbow

Question 25

brachial

Answer 25

– pertaining to the arm

Question 26

triceps brachii

Answer 26

– the muscle on the back of the upper arm between the posterior aspect of the shoulder and elbow

Question 27

gluteus muscles

Answer 27

– the buttocks are comprised of three muscle groups (aka. –glutes); gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles

Question 28

quadriceps femoris

Answer 28

– a group of four large muscles that comprise the front of the thigh (aka. “Quads”)

Question 29

kinesiology

Answer 29

– the study of movement

Question 30

bradykinesia

Answer 30

– having slow movement, as in the elderly

Question 31

hypokinesia

Answer 31

– having an insufficient amount of movement

Question 32

hyperkinesia

Answer 32

– having an excessive amount of movement

Question 33

dyskinesia

Answer 33

– having difficult or abnormal movement

Question 34

atonia

Answer 34

– the lack of muscle tone/no muscle tone

Question 35

atrophy

Answer 35

– muscle wasting; a decrease in the size of muscle d/t poor development caused by disease or lack of use

Question 36

hypertonia

Answer 36

– an increased/excessive muscle tone; can be induced with strength/endurance training

Question 37

hypertrophy

Answer 37

– excessive development/increase in muscle bulk as a result of use, such as with weightlifting

Question 38

hypotonia

Answer 38

– decreased tone or tension in muscle

Question 39

muscular dystrophy

Answer 39

– a group of inherited diseases that are characterized by weakness and atrophy of muscle without involvement of the nervous system; leads to a progressive disability and loss of strength

Question 40

adhesion

Answer 40

– scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle, making it difficult to stretch the muscle

Question 41

contracture

Answer 41

– abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, and fascia, making it difficult to stretch a muscle

Question 42

dystonia

Answer 42

– having abnormal muscle tone

Question 43

intermittent claudication

Answer 43

– attacks of severe pain and lameness, caused by ischemia of the muscles, typically the calf muscles

Question 44

muscle spasm/cramp

Answer 44

– sudden, involuntary contraction of muscle

Question 45

myalgia/myodynia

Answer 45

– muscle pain

Question 46

myasthenia

Answer 46

– muscle weakness

Question 47

myorrhexis

Answer 47

– the tearing or rupture of a muscle

Question 48

polymyositis

Answer 48

– the simultaneous inflammation of two or more muscles

Question 49

sPrain

Answer 49

- is a traumatic injury, such as overstretching or tearing, of a ligament

Question 50

sTrain

Answer 50

– damage to a muscle or a tendon, resulting from overuse, overstretching or excessive force

Question 51

tendonitis

Answer 51

– inflammation of a tendon

Question 52

tenodynia

Answer 52

– tendon pain

Question 53

tetany

Answer 53

– a severe form of muscle spasm/cramping from persistent contractions of muscles

Question 54

torticollis

Answer 54

–a painful condition caused by contraction of the muscles of the neck that causes the head to tilt or turn toward one side

Question 55

electromyography

Answer 55

– study and record the strength and quality of muscle contractions as a result of electrical stimulation

Question 56

electromyogram

Answer 56

– the physical or electronic record produced by a electromyograph

Question 57

tenorrhaphy

Answer 57

– to suture a tendon

Question 58

fasciotomy

Answer 58

– surgical procedure that cuts into the fascia

Question 59

myoplasty

Answer 59

– surgical repair of a muscle

Question 60

muscle relaxants

Answer 60

– medication prescribed to relieve muscle spasms

Question 61

orticosteroids

Answer 61

– the class of drugs that are produced naturally in the adrenal cortex of the kidney and are used for their strong anti-inflammatory properties

Question 62

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer 62

– drugs that provide relief from inflammation, like steroids, without the steroid component; provide anti-inflammatory benefits and mild-moderate pain relief; include Aleve (naproxen sodium, aspirin, and Motrin(ibuprofen

Question 63

fasci/o

Answer 63

fibrous band

Question 64

flex/o

Answer 64

to bend

Question 65

kinesi/o/ -kinesia

Answer 65

movement

Question 66

later/o

Answer 66

side

Question 67

my/o, myos/o, muscul/o

Answer 67

muscle

Question 68

ten/o or tend/o or tendin/o

Answer 68

tendon

Question 69

-algia or -dynia

Answer 69

pain

Question 70

-asthenia

Answer 70

weakness

Question 71

-tomy

Answer 71

cutting into

Question 72

-pathy

Answer 72

disease

Question 73

-plasty

Answer 73

surgical repair

Question 74

-rrhaphy

Answer 74

suture

Question 75

-rrhexis

Answer 75

rupture

Question 76

-trophy

Answer 76

development/nutrition

Question 77

a-

Answer 77

without

Question 78

brady-

Answer 78

slow

Question 79

dys-

Answer 79

abnormal, difficult

Question 80

hyper-

Answer 80

excessive

Question 81

hypo-

Answer 81

insufficient

Question 82

poly-

Answer 82

many