CH6 Sec II Flashcards
interstitial fluid
the fluid that exists between cells within body tissues; less known as intercellular
lymph
the fluid within the lymph vessels; once interstitial fluid enters the lymph vessels it is called lymph
lymphatic system
a network of lymph vessels and nodes; picks up excess interstitial fluid, cleanse it of unwanted materials, returns the lymph fluid to the circulatory system and has specialized cells that absorb fats by the digestive system and transport them
lymph capillaries
picks up interstitial fluid that exist within the various tissues of the body
lymph ducts
the two largest lymph vessels that return the lymph fluid to the circulatory system via their connection to the right and left subclavian veins
lymph vessels
an extensive network of vessels that carries lymph to the lymph nodes and
eventually to the lymph ducts
lymph nodes (aka. – lymph glands)
cleanse the lymph fluid of unwanted materials such as pathogens, toxins, and waste products of cellular metabolism as lymph passes through them
axillary
armpits
cervical
neck
inguinal
groin
mediastinal
pertaining to the mediastinum, located in the center of the thoracic cavity
mesentery
the folds of the membranes that hold the intestines in place
tonsils
collections of lymphatic tissue located on each side of pharynx that act as filters to protect the body from invasion of pathogens through digestive or respiratory systems
pharyngeal tonsil
so called because they are located in the pharynx (throat)
adenoid
chronic hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil
palatine tonsils
named because they are in tissue connected to the soft palate
lingual tonsil
so named because they are located at the bottom of the tongue
spleen
an organ that is part of the lymphatic system which fights invading germs in the blood;
located in the left upper quadrant (LUQ); it also stores a significant amount of blood
thymus gland
an endocrine gland that also plays a role in the immune system; it is essential for
proper development of immune in children; located in the mediastinum
acquired immunity
a state of immunity that is developed in response to a specific antigen; it is the
result of an infection or immunization
flora/normal body flora
the billions of bacteria that exist in the GI tract and the billions of bacteria
and fungi that coexist on our skin
immunity
the body’s ability to defend itself against pathogens
immunologist
a physician that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases and other disorders of the immune system
leukocytes
cells of the immune system that help protect the body against foreign invaders and infectious disease
natural (innate) immunity
a state of immunity that is naturally present from birth to death; the
mechanisms people are born with that respond to foreign pathogens such as skin, chemicals in the
blood, sweat and tears and some types of leukocytes
innate
inborn, natural
antigen
identifying markers on all cells that indicate whether a cell is one’s own or a foreign cell
cytotoxic cells
cells that produce molecules that act as a poison/toxin to pathogenic cells; T
lymphocytes and natural killer cells are examples
pathogenic
disease-causing organisms/agents
humoral immunity
pertaining to the adaptive immunity that takes place in the extracellular fluids;
the production of antibodies to attack pathogens
humoral
pertaining to fluids
infection
invasion and growth of disease-causing, parasitic organisms in the body, such as fungi,
bacteria, and viruses
nosocomial infection
an infection a patient develops in a healthcare setting
standard precautions
mandatory guidelines for all employees at risk of exposure to body fluids
and all nosocomial infections; hand washing is the most effective method of preventing the spread
of infectious diseases
immunologist
physician specializing in immunology
inflammation
tissue injury response that causes redness, pain, swelling, and hot to the touch
lymphedema
edema appearing in the extremities due to an obstruction of the lymph flow through
the lymphatic vessels
pruritis/pruritus
itchy; the severe itching associated with hives
splenomegaly
an enlarged spleen
allergen
a substance that induces a hypersensitivity/allergic reaction
allergy
a hypersensitivity to a common substance
anaphylaxis
a life-threatening, severe allergic response to antigens such as bee stings, nuts, and
medications
contact dermatitis
skin irritation caused by coming in direct contact with an allergen;
includes redness and itching of the skin
lymphadenitis
infection/inflammation of the lymph nodes; referred to as swollen glands
lymphoma
a tumor in lymphatic tissue
lymphangitis
the inflammation of a lymph vessel
neoplasm
a mass of new abnormal tissue growth
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the
body’s immune system has been so badly damaged that opportunistic infections occur
autoimmune disease
a disease resulting from the body’s immune system attacking its own cells as
if they were pathogens
immunocompromised
an immune system that is unable to respond properly to pathogens due to
a disease process; also called immunodeficiency
opportunistic infections
infectious diseases associated with patients who have compromised
immune systems and therefore a lowered resistance to infections and parasites
metastasize
the spreading of cancer cells to other parts of the body; one of the quickest ways for a
cancer to spread is for it to enter the lymphatic system
allergy shots
injections of tiny amounts of allergen used to stimulate reduced sensitivity to an
allergen; a type of immunotherapy (allergen immunotherapy)
immunotherapy
any therapy the stimulates or suppresses the immune system to treat
disease/disorders
vaccine
a preparation that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies
lymphadenectomy
surgical removal/excision of lymph nodes
splenectomy
surgical removal of the spleen
splenotomy
incision into the spleen
thymectomy
surgical removal of the thymus gland
tonsillectomy
surgical removal of the tonsils
antihistamine
blocks the effects of histamine; a first line drug for patients having an acute allergic
reaction that reduces hives and itching
corticosteroids
a hormone that has very strong anti-inflammatory properties; particularly effective
in treating autoimmune diseases
immunosuppressant
an agent that suppress the actions of the immune system; required to
prevent rejection of a transplanted organ
axill/o
underarm
immun/o
protection
inguin/o
groin region
lymph/o
lymph
lymphaden/o
lymph node = lymph gland
lymphangi/o
lymph vessel
path/o
disease
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
splen/o
spleen
-ic, -ac, -al, -tic, -ary, -in
pertaining to
-ectomy
surgical excision; surgical removal
-edema
swelling
-iasis, -osis
condition, abnormal condition
-itis
inflammation, infection
-globulin
protein
-oma
tumor
-megaly
enlarged
-pathy
disease
-therapy
treatment
