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CH5 Flashcards

1
Q

Apex

A

the inferior tip of the heart; (apex = directional term meaning tip, point, conical aspect)

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2
Q

epicardium

A

the outer protective layer of the heart, synonymous with visceral pericardium

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3
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle; the thick, muscular middle layer of the heart that pumps blood

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4
Q

endocardium

A

the thin inner lining/layer of the heart

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5
Q

pericardium

A

a tough, double-layered membranous sac that surrounds and encloses the heart

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6
Q

atrium (atria – pl)

A

one of the upper two chambers of the heart

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7
Q

ventricle(s)

A

one of the lower to chambers of the heart

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8
Q

septum

A

a wall or partition dividing a body space or cavity

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9
Q

tricuspid valve

A

a valve with three cusps that allows blood to flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle

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10
Q

bicuspid valve/mitral valve

A

a valve with two cusps that allows blood to flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle

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11
Q

blood pressure

A

a measurement of the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel

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12
Q

systolic/systole pressure

A

the highest blood pressure reading caused by ventricular contraction

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13
Q

diastolic/diastole pressure

A

the lowest blood pressure reading recorded during ventricular relaxation

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14
Q

artery, arteries

A

blood vessel(s) that pump blood away from the heart

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15
Q

arteriole(s)

A

the smallest arteries

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16
Q

capillary

A

microscopic blood vessels that join arterioles to the venules
- diffuse oxygenated blood and
nutrients to feed the body’s cells and
absorbs deoxygenated blood and cellular waste

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17
Q

lumen

A

the hollow channel in a blood vessel through which blood flows

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18
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that pump blood back toward the heart

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19
Q

venules

A

the smallest veins

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20
Q

aorta

A

the largest artery in the body; it directs oxygenated blood out of the heart and to the body

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21
Q

vena cava

A

the largest vein in the body; it brings deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

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22
Q

coronary arteries

A

arteries that branch from the aorta to supply blood to the heart tissue

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23
Q

systemic circulation

A

refers to all the blood vessels that deliver blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart

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24
Q

pulse

A

an indirect measurement of the heart rate that can be palpated in arteries

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25
tachycardia
an increased heart beat/pulse rate that is greater than 100 beats per minute (bpm)
26
bradycardia
a decreased pulse rate that is less than 60 beats per minute
27
hypertension
excessive or increased blood pressure; commonly called “high blood” in Hawaii
28
hypotension
insufficient or decreased blood pressure
29
vasodilation
stretching or dilation of a vessel
30
vasoconstriction
the narrowing of a blood vessel
31
arrhythmia or dysrhythmia
abnormal rhythm; a variation in the normal rhythm of the heart (i.e. - atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, PVCs: extra heartbeats from ventricles, palpitations)
32
asystole/cardiac arrest
an absence of a heartbeat
33
palpitations
subject reports of a pounding or racing of the heart
34
angina pectoris
severe, constricting chest pain due to ischemia of the heart muscle; most easily precipitated by exertion or excitement
35
cardiomyopathy
any disease/disorder of the heart muscle
36
endocarditis
inflammation/infection of the inner lining of the heart
37
hypertrophy
increased size of the heart
38
myocardial infarct/infarction
a heart attack; a localized area of tissue necrosis in heart muscle
39
murmur
a muffled whooshing or swishing on auscultation of the heart or blood vessels due to turbulent blood flow; commonly noted when a valve closes or opens abnormally
40
myocarditis
an inflammation/infection of heart muscle
41
pericarditis
inflammation of the sac around the heart
42
aneurysm
the ballooning out of an artery
43
arteriorrhexis
rupture of an artery
44
arteriosclerosis
the thickening and hardening of the walls of the arteries, typically in old age
45
atherosclerosis
thickening and hardening of the arteries due to fatty plaques built up in the walls of blood vessels
46
embolus
a foreign substance that travels through the bloodstream and lodges in a blood vessel, blocking blood flow (fat, air)
47
thrombus
a blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel
48
hemorrhagic shock
results from excessive blood loss that is most frequently associated with trauma
49
ischemia
insufficient blood flow to any tissue
50
necrosis
a condition of cell death; usually proceeded by ischemia to the body tissue
51
hypovolemia
abnormally low circulating blood volume
52
varicose veins
swollen and knotted veins caused by sluggish blood flow in combination with weakened walls and incompetent valves
53
prolapse
to fall out of the normal position
54
regurgitation
to flow backward; in the cardiovascular system this refer to the backflow of blood through a valve
55
stenosis
a constriction or narrowing
56
auscultate
to examine by listening, through a stethoscope or other instrument, to sounds within the body
57
palpate
to examine by touch; feeling for induration (firmness), fluctuance (wave-like)
58
electrocardiography
the process of recording the electrical currents of the heart
59
electrocardiograph
the instrument that records the electrical currents of the heart
60
electrocardiogram
the printed or electronic record produced by the electrocardiograph
61
echocardiogram
a noninvasive procedure that uses ultrasound to visualize the internal cardiac structures
62
echocardiography
the process of using ultrasound to visualize the internal cardiac structures
63
defibrillator
an electronic device that that sends a shock to the heart to override the fibrillation in order to get the heart to return to a normal rhythm
64
antiarrhythmic
reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias
65
anticoagulant
prevents blood clot formation
66
fibrinolytic
dissolves existing clots
67
diuretic
increases urine production by the kidneys, which works to reduce plasma and therefore blood volume, resulting in lower blood pressure
68
atrial
pertaining to the atria (2 upper chambers of heart)
69
atrioventricular
pertaining to the atria and the ventricles
70
coronary
pertaining to the heart
71
pulmonary
pertaining to the lungs
72
vascular
pertaining to a vessel
73
aneurysm/o
aneurysm, abnormal ballooning out
74
angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o
vessel
75
arteri/o, arter/o
artery
76
arteriol/o
arteriole, small artery
77
ather/o
yellowish, fatty plaque
78
atri/o
one of the two upper chambers of the heart
79
cardi/o
heart
80
coron/o
crown
81
embol/o
embolus, a clot that has moved from it’s original source
82
endocardi/o
endocardium, the inner layer/lining of the heart
83
myocardi/o
myocardium, the muscular middle layer of the heart
84
ox/i
oxygen
85
pericardi/o
pericardium, the outer double-layered lining around the heart
86
phleb/o, ven/i ven/o
vein
87
pulmon/o, pneum/o
lung
88
scler/o
abnormal hardening
89
sept/o
septum, partition
90
sin/o
sinus
91
thorac/o
chest
92
thromb/o
clot, a stationary clot at the sight of origin
93
valv/o, valvul/o
valve
94
ventricul/o
ventricle, one of the two lower chambers of the heart
95
venul/o
venule
96
a-, de-
without
97
anti-
against
98
bi-
two
99
brady-
slow
100
endo-
within, inner
101
epi-
above
102
extra-
outside of
103
hyper-
excessive
104
hypo-
insufficient
105
inter-
between
106
intra-
within
107
per-
through
108
peri-
around
109
poly-
many
110
re-
again
111
sino-
sinus
112
tachy-
fast
113
trans-
across
114
ultra-
beyond
115
-eal, -ous, -ic, -tic, -ac, -ar, -ary, -ory
pertaining to; belonging to; relating to
116
-cardia
heart condition
117
-ectomy
to cut out
118
-gram
record, printed/electronic
119
-graph
recording device
120
-graphy
process of recording
121
-itis
inflammation and/or infection
122
-ium
mass; structure; small one
123
-logy
study of
124
-lytic
destruction
125
-megaly
enlarged
126
-ole, -ule
small
127
-oma
mass
128
-pathy
disease
129
-plasty
surgical repair
130
-rrhexis
rupture
131
-sclerosis
hardening
132
-tension
pressure
133
-scope
instrument for viewing
134
-spasm
involuntary muscle contraction
135
-stenosis
abnormal narrowing, stricture

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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