Ch.6 State of Conciousness Flashcards
What is Melatonin and when/where is it produced?
A chemical involved in sleep. Brain produces this at night.
What is EEG, EOG, and EMG?
EEG - measures brain activity
EOG - measures eye movement
EMG - measure muscle tension
Which 2 of the 3 (EEG, EOG, or EMG) lowers/slows as you get into deeper sleep?
EOG and EMG
Explain what happens during the Awake Stage (brain waves, etc.)
Brain waves are Beta waves, EOG and EMG are high
What makes it hard to sleep during the Awake Stage?
Adrenaline
Explain what happens during the Relaxed Stage (brain waves, etc.)
Brain waves are Alpha waves
Explain what happens in Stage 1 of sleep
Hypnic Jerk - like reflex/twitch, muscle contraction, REM
Explain what happens in Stage 2 of sleep
Burst of different brain activity, sleep spindles
Explain what happens in Stage 3 of sleep
Beginning of Delta waves, deepest stage of sleep
Explain what happens in Stage 4 of sleep
50% of brain waves are Delta waves, deepest stage of sleep
What’s the difference between Stage 3 and Stage 4 of sleep?
At least 50% of brain waves are Delta waves in Stage 4. Stage 3, only beginning of Delta waves
What is REM?
Rapid Eye Movement
Explain REM
Eyes are moving quickly, spend and hour and a half in REM, heart beats irregularly, blood pressure increases, breathing fluctuates
Why is REM known as “Paradoxical Sleep”?
Because eye movement and brain activity looks like when you’re awake
When does sleep walking occur? (Stage? REM?)
During Stage 3 and 4 of sleep
Explain the REM Rebound Effect
When you deprive someone of dreaming/sleeping, multiple (more than one) nights in a row, they will then get to REM more quickly and spend much more time in REM
Name some Sleep Disorders
Nightmares, night terrors, insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea
Define Nightmares
Scary dreams
Define Night Terrors
Common in kids, very frightening, kids wake up in panic, disoriented for mins, cold sweat
Define Insomnia
Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or early morning awakenings
What is the cause of Insomnia and name some solutions to Insomnia
Caused by drop in blood sugar level
Solution: drinking warm milk, light snack. Reduce intake of alcohol, cigs, caffeine. Exercise, set a set schedule, resolve issues, associate bed with sleep, think “winding down”
Define Narcolepsy
Sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks
What is Narcolepsy caused by?
Genetics
Define Sleep Apnea
Characterized by loud snoring, passage ways blocked
Define Manifest Content (of a dream)
The dream itself
Define Latent Content (of a dream)
The underlying meaning of the dream
Explain Hypnosis (who studied it, what it is, and factors or it)
Sigmund Freud
Gets you into subconscious thoughts/feelings
Factors: if you believe in it, will get hypnotized. High motivation. Control.
Define Physical Dependence (on drugs)
Means you are addicted to a/that substance. When not using substance, go through physical symptoms - shakes, tremors (ex. alcohol)
Define Psychological Dependence (on drugs)
When not using drugs, go through psychological issues - anxiety, depression
What is the part/chemical in the brain, when using drugs, makes you feel rewarded?
Dopamine
Define Alcohol
A depressant, leads to impaired thinking, interferes with the cortex
What are some indicators of Alcohol? (Questions)
History in fam, how often/much, what type of cup drank in, causations, concerns, when (in the day, drinkng), urgency to drink
What are the solutions to Alcoholics?
Rehab and AA (Alcoholics Anonymous)
What is the difference of Rehab and AA for Alcoholics?
Rehab: is if you have addiction/physical dependency on alcohol (physical withdrawals/dependency)
AA: not so addicted, but abusing alcohol and need support, therapy
What is Naltrexone?
A drug that blocks the opiate receptors in your brain. It weakens alcohol rewarding affects in the brain, getting less dopamine
What is Antabuse?
Idea of wanting to associate drinking with vomiting. Because when you take this med then drink, results in vomiting
Define Tolerance
Develop tolerance to drug, means you need more and more of it to get its affect
Explain/Define Nicotine
A stimulant in tobacco. Finds its way in the brain, into the bloodstream even if we have a natural blood/brain barrier from poisons
Explain/Define Marijuana
Effects the brain quickly, within a min, stays in system for a month. Effects memory, concentration, thinking things through, lowers sperm counts for men, weakens/suppresses immune system
What is the effect of Adolescence Drinking?
Effects/interferes with the development of the hippocampus - memory
