Ch.6 State of Conciousness

Question 1

What is Melatonin and when/where is it produced?

Answer 1

A chemical involved in sleep. Brain produces this at night.

Question 2

What is EEG, EOG, and EMG?

Answer 2

EEG - measures brain activity
EOG - measures eye movement
EMG - measure muscle tension

Question 3

Which 2 of the 3 (EEG, EOG, or EMG) lowers/slows as you get into deeper sleep?

Answer 3

EOG and EMG

Question 4

Explain what happens during the Awake Stage (brain waves, etc.)

Answer 4

Brain waves are Beta waves, EOG and EMG are high

Question 5

What makes it hard to sleep during the Awake Stage?

Answer 5

Adrenaline

Question 6

Explain what happens during the Relaxed Stage (brain waves, etc.)

Answer 6

Brain waves are Alpha waves

Question 7

Explain what happens in Stage 1 of sleep

Answer 7

Hypnic Jerk - like reflex/twitch, muscle contraction, REM

Question 8

Explain what happens in Stage 2 of sleep

Answer 8

Burst of different brain activity, sleep spindles

Question 9

Explain what happens in Stage 3 of sleep

Answer 9

Beginning of Delta waves, deepest stage of sleep

Question 10

Explain what happens in Stage 4 of sleep

Answer 10

50% of brain waves are Delta waves, deepest stage of sleep

Question 11

What’s the difference between Stage 3 and Stage 4 of sleep?

Answer 11

At least 50% of brain waves are Delta waves in Stage 4. Stage 3, only beginning of Delta waves

Question 12

What is REM?

Answer 12

Rapid Eye Movement

Question 13

Explain REM

Answer 13

Eyes are moving quickly, spend and hour and a half in REM, heart beats irregularly, blood pressure increases, breathing fluctuates

Question 14

Why is REM known as “Paradoxical Sleep”?

Answer 14

Because eye movement and brain activity looks like when you’re awake

Question 15

When does sleep walking occur? (Stage? REM?)

Answer 15

During Stage 3 and 4 of sleep

Question 16

Explain the REM Rebound Effect

Answer 16

When you deprive someone of dreaming/sleeping, multiple (more than one) nights in a row, they will then get to REM more quickly and spend much more time in REM

Question 17

Name some Sleep Disorders

Answer 17

Nightmares, night terrors, insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea

Question 18

Define Nightmares

Answer 18

Scary dreams

Question 19

Define Night Terrors

Answer 19

Common in kids, very frightening, kids wake up in panic, disoriented for mins, cold sweat

Question 20

Define Insomnia

Answer 20

Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or early morning awakenings

Question 21

What is the cause of Insomnia and name some solutions to Insomnia

Answer 21

Caused by drop in blood sugar level
Solution: drinking warm milk, light snack. Reduce intake of alcohol, cigs, caffeine. Exercise, set a set schedule, resolve issues, associate bed with sleep, think “winding down”

Question 22

Define Narcolepsy

Answer 22

Sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks

Question 23

What is Narcolepsy caused by?

Answer 23

Genetics

Question 24

Define Sleep Apnea

Answer 24

Characterized by loud snoring, passage ways blocked

Question 25

Define Manifest Content (of a dream)

Answer 25

The dream itself

Question 26

Define Latent Content (of a dream)

Answer 26

The underlying meaning of the dream

Question 27

Explain Hypnosis (who studied it, what it is, and factors or it)

Answer 27

Sigmund Freud
Gets you into subconscious thoughts/feelings
Factors: if you believe in it, will get hypnotized. High motivation. Control.

Question 28

Define Physical Dependence (on drugs)

Answer 28

Means you are addicted to a/that substance. When not using substance, go through physical symptoms - shakes, tremors (ex. alcohol)

Question 29

Define Psychological Dependence (on drugs)

Answer 29

When not using drugs, go through psychological issues - anxiety, depression

Question 30

What is the part/chemical in the brain, when using drugs, makes you feel rewarded?

Answer 30

Dopamine

Question 31

Define Alcohol

Answer 31

A depressant, leads to impaired thinking, interferes with the cortex

Question 32

What are some indicators of Alcohol? (Questions)

Answer 32

History in fam, how often/much, what type of cup drank in, causations, concerns, when (in the day, drinkng), urgency to drink

Question 33

What are the solutions to Alcoholics?

Answer 33

Rehab and AA (Alcoholics Anonymous)

Question 34

What is the difference of Rehab and AA for Alcoholics?

Answer 34

Rehab: is if you have addiction/physical dependency on alcohol (physical withdrawals/dependency)
AA: not so addicted, but abusing alcohol and need support, therapy

Question 35

What is Naltrexone?

Answer 35

A drug that blocks the opiate receptors in your brain. It weakens alcohol rewarding affects in the brain, getting less dopamine

Question 36

What is Antabuse?

Answer 36

Idea of wanting to associate drinking with vomiting. Because when you take this med then drink, results in vomiting

Question 37

Define Tolerance

Answer 37

Develop tolerance to drug, means you need more and more of it to get its affect

Question 38

Explain/Define Nicotine

Answer 38

A stimulant in tobacco. Finds its way in the brain, into the bloodstream even if we have a natural blood/brain barrier from poisons

Question 39

Explain/Define Marijuana

Answer 39

Effects the brain quickly, within a min, stays in system for a month. Effects memory, concentration, thinking things through, lowers sperm counts for men, weakens/suppresses immune system

Question 40

What is the effect of Adolescence Drinking?

Answer 40

Effects/interferes with the development of the hippocampus - memory