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Psychology > Ch.2 Brain & Behavior > Flashcards

Ch.2 Brain & Behavior Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a Dendrite?

A

A branch-like structure that receives chemicals from the perceiving/sending neuron

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1
Q

Define a Neuron

A

An individual nerve cell

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2
Q

What is a Soma?

A

The main body of a neuron or other cell with electrical charger particles inside

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3
Q

What is a Axon?

A

The main trunk of the neuron. Its fiber that carries info away from the cell body of a neuron. Has a gap that electric ions pass in and out through

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4
Q

How many gaps does an axon have and what are they?

A

2 gaps.

  1. Nodes of Ravier
  2. Synapse: gap between two neurons
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5
Q

What is the Myelin Sheath?

A

The outer layer of a neuron

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6
Q

What is it called when the Myelin Sheath is destroyed?

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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7
Q

Define Action Potential

A

When neurons are stimulated. Begins at -50 millivolts (mv)

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8
Q

How many millivolts is it, when neurons are at rest?

A

-70mv

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9
Q

Define Synapse

A

The gap between two neurons

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10
Q

What is a Neurotransmitter?

A

Any chemical released by a neuron that alters activity in other neurons

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11
Q

Name some Neurotransmitters (6)

A

Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine, GABA, and endorphins

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12
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood, appetite, and sleep

Too little = depression

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13
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Arousal and vigilance/cautious, and mood

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14
Q

Dopamine

A

Motivation, reward, and planning behavior; feel good chemical

*Too much = delusion, hallucination = schizophrenic

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15
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Controls muscle contractions when released. Movement, autonomic function, learning, and memory (Alzheimer’s).

If blocked, paralysis

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16
Q

GABA

A

When released, person is relaxed/calm. Effect in CNS, participates in mood.

Anti-anxiety med

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17
Q

What is CNS and what does it consist of?

A

Central Nervous System, consists of the brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

What is PNS?

A

Peripheral Nervous System, nerve that carries info to and from CNS

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19
Q

Name the systems of the PNS

A

Somatic and Autonomic

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20
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Nerves under voluntary control (such as movement)

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21
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Nerves not under your control. Divided into 2 parts

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22
Q

Name the parts of the Autonomic Nervous System within the PNS

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems

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23
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

“Flight or flight”

Chemicals release = adrenaline

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24
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

After the crisis/situation. Quiets the body

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25
Q

What is a CT Scan?

A

Computerized Tomography Scan. Special type of X-ray, number of different angles of brain collected, then forms images of brain

26
Q

What is an EEG?

A

Electroencephalograph. Measures brain activity, help identify tumors, epilepsy

27
Q

What is an MRI Scan?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Uses magnetic rays, rather than X-ray, allow you to see three dimensional images of the brain/body

28
Q

What is an fMRI?

A

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Similar to PET Scan, shows activity of brain, allows you to see when people are lying or telling the truth

29
Q

What is a PET Scan?

A

Positron Emission Tomography. When radioactive substance is injected into bloodstream, then scanner follows path of substance, shows which brain area uses more energy

Using less energy is ideal

30
Q

Limbic System

A

In brain, involves coding and decoding info in brain

Pleasure center located here

31
Q

What is and makes up the Limbic System?

A 
Emotional reaction.
Mainly Amygdala (hypothalamus, and parts of thalamus)
32
Q

Amygdala

A

Related to fear/emotions. Make quick reaction.

Damaged amygdala in monkeys = tamed monkey = bad - need to fear or feel emotion

33
Q

Explain an Overly Sensitive Amygdala

A

Developed by a trauma - rape, tumor, injury of part of brain; phobias; PTSD - post traumatic stress disorder

34
Q

What is a Corpus Callosum?

A

Thick band of fibers that connect the left and right brain

35
Q

Functions of the Left brain

A

95% of language, writing, breaking down info, happiness, amusement

36
Q

Functions of the Right brain

A

Nonverbal (movements, recognizing a map/faces), irritation, annoyance, fear

37
Q

What is Split Brain Research/Operation?

A

Surgery when Corpus Callosum is cut, done to control epilepsy. One part of the brain will not work together with the other/at the same time (ex. Left hand dressing yourself, while other hand doesn’t want to/doesn’t do anything/help)

38
Q

Cortex

A

Part of the brain that can think things through and reason it out
(ex. getting scared from seeing a snack, but realizing its a tree branch).
Thoughts exists here.
Calms you down when amygdala is stimulated.

39
Q

Lateralization

A

Refers to specialization/differences of each side of the brain.
Higher lateralization = higher specialization

40
Q

Name the Lobes of the Brain

A

Occipital, Parietal, Temporal, and Frontal lobe

41
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

42
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Senses (touch, taste, smell..)

43
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Hearing

44
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Voluntary movement, part of the brain you can plan an activity, reason things out

45
Q

What is Aphasia?

A

General term, some impaired ability to uses/understand language

46
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Responsible for Producing speech; frontal lobe, left side of the brain.
If damaged, difficulty speaking

47
Q

What is Wernicke’s area?

A

Responsible for Understanding speech; temporal lobe, left brain
If damaged, difficulty understanding someone else’s speech

48
Q

What is Agnosia?

A

Inability to identify a familiar object.

If damaged or had tumor in its area, difficult identifying object. Can explain, but not say exactly what object is

49
Q

What is Face Agnosia?

A

Inability to identify familiar faces/people, extremely rare disorder

50
Q

Subcortex

A

(Hindbrain) the brainstem, lower part of the brain

51
Q

What does the Subcortex/Hindbrain consist of?

A

Medulla, cerebellum, and pons

52
Q

Medulla

A

Responsible for heart rate, breathing, swallowing

53
Q

Cerebellum

A

Responsible for posture and balance

alcohol affects it

54
Q

Pons

A

Control sleep, integrates movement between the right and left halves of your body

55
Q

What is the Reticular Activating System?

A

(RAS) Responsible for alertness, awareness, arousal

56
Q

What is within the Forebrain?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

57
Q

What is the Thalamus?

A

Like relay/switching station. Relay sensory info to cerebral cortex - hearing, touch, vision

58
Q

What is the Hypothalamus?

A

Master control for emotion and many basic motives.
Releases hormones like “fight or flight” hormones. Releases chemicals to help you deal with a crisis. Controls temperature

59
Q

What is the Hippocampus responsible for?

A

Memory

60
Q

What is and what makes up the Endocrine System?

A

Made up of glands releasing chemicals/hormones.

Pituitary and Thyroid gland.

61
Q

What is the Pituitary Gland?

A

Regulate growth

62
Q

What is the Thyroid Gland?

A

Regulates rate of metabolism

Psychology (13 decks)

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