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Psychology > Ch.12 Personality > Flashcards

Ch.12 Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Temperament

A

Refers to sensitivity, irritability. More inherited than learned from environment

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2
Q

Define (Personality) Traits

A

Characteristics. Stabilize around age 3

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3
Q

What are two types of traits?

A

Extrovert and Introvert

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4
Q

Define Extrovert (personality trait)

A

Sociable, outgoing, like to interact with others, focus is outward

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5
Q

Define Introvert (personality trait)

A

Shy, reserved, focused is inward

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6
Q

Define Self-Concept

A

Refers to all your different ideas, perceptions, and feelings about who you are

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7
Q

Define Self-Esteem

A

Refers to “is your perception of yourself somebody who is worthwhile and confident or worthless and lacking confident?”

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8
Q

Define Common Traits

A

Traits that are shared by most members of a culture

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9
Q

Define Individual Traits

A

GET ANSWER FROM BOOK

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10
Q

What three traits are within Individual Traits?

A

Central, Secondary, and Cardinal Traits

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11
Q

Define Central Traits

A

Main characteristics of a person that describes their personality

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12
Q

Define Secondary Traits

A

Less important/revealing trait/characteristics of who you are

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13
Q

Define Cardinal Trait

A

Refers to if there is one trait that really captures the essence of who you are

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14
Q

Define Surface Traits

A

GET ANSWER FROM BOOK

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15
Q

Define Source Traits

A

16 different traits/characteristics that distinguish personality

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16
Q

What is the “Big 5”?

A

Further reduction of personality traits

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17
Q

What are the Big 5 personality traits?

A

Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Openness

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18
Q

Define Extroversion (in the concept of a test)

A

GET ANSWER FROM BOOK

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19
Q

Define Agreeableness (in the concept of a test)

A

Scoring high on this indicates you are a nurturing, friendly person. If you score low on this, you are indifferent and/or cold

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20
Q

Define Conscientiousness (in the concept of a test)

A

Scoring high on this indicates you are somebody who is self-disciplined and responsible

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21
Q

Define Neuroticism (in the concept of a test)

A

Scoring high on this indicates you are negative, irritable, and unhappy

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22
Q

Define Openness (in the concept of a test)

A

Scoring high on this indicates you are receptive to new ideas. Scoring low on this indicates you are rigid and not receptive to new ideas

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23
Q

How is Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory related to personality?

A

The 3 different structures/parts of your personality which are Id, Ego, and Superego

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24
Q

What is Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory?

A

Unconscious memories and unconscious conflicts from childhood

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25
Q

Define Id

A

Part of your personality that wants immediate gratification of your unconscious impulses. It is innate/inborn, impulsive, irrational, and unconscious. It is always in conflict with the Superego

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26
Q

Define Superego

A

Part of your personality where conscience lies, moral exist, and feeling of guilt. (AKA “internalized parents”)

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27
Q

Define Ego

A

Part of your personality that tries to find the middle ground between the urges of the Id and the moral responsibility of the Superego. Thinks things through and develops a plan

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28
Q

Define Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Refers to the concept of at different stages in your life, different parts of your body produce pleasure or frustration which (to Freud), its results reflects your personality

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29
Q

What are the 5 stages of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development?

A
  1. Oral Stage
  2. Anal Stage
  3. Phallic Stage
  4. Latency Stage
  5. Genital Stage
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30
Q

Explain the Oral stage of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

During the first year of life, from the process of being fed - If you were overly gratified (over fed), you would develop passive oral traits such as being gullible, taking things in easily.
If you had a frustrated experience being fed, you would experience frustrated oral traits such as biting your nails, sarcasm

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31
Q

Explain the Anal stage of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Between the ages 1 and 3. The source of pleasure and frustration is due to potty train, connecting to the feces.
If you were overly gratified during this stage, your parents were very lineage and loose resulting in a messy, sloppy personality.
If you were frustrated, this results in a personality that holds on to things, you don’t vent, are stubborn

32
Q

Explain the Phallic stage of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Between the ages of 3 and 5. The source of pleasure and frustration is in their genitals. Being “overly gratified or frustrated” focuses on a conflict that did not get resolved. Become Narcissistic/Egocentric people (everything revolves around you)

33
Q

Name the 2 terms that refers to the Phallic stage of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Oedipal Complex and Electra Complex

34
Q

Define Oedipal Complex that refers to the Phallic stage of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

The boy is sexually and physically attracted to the opposite sex (the mother) and making him in competition with his father

35
Q

Define Electra Complex that refers to the Phallic stage of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Refers to the same concept of boys, instead this term refers to girls

36
Q

Explain the Latency stage of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

LOOK IN BOOK

37
Q

Explain the Genital stage of Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

LOOK IN BOOK

38
Q

What does it mean to be “fixated” on a stage referring to Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development

A

Stuck on a stage or you have an unresolved conflict

39
Q

What are Neo-Freudians?

A

Psychologists, followed by Freud, who believed in psychoanalytic theory - unconscious influence of personality

40
Q

Who were the 3 Neo-Freudians?

A

Adler, Horney, Jung

41
Q

What did Adler, a Neo-Freudian, believe in?

A

Believed we are more governed/motivated by social urges, not biological urges that makes our personality

42
Q

What did Horney, a Neo-Freudian, believe in?

A

Believed anxiety occurs because people feel isolated and helpless, not because of unresolved sexual urges

43
Q

What did Jung, a Neo-Freudian, believe in?

A

Believed the reason people suffer from mental issues, anxiety, and depression is because they do not have a balance in their lives (of introverted and extroverted personality)

44
Q

Name the 4 terms under Jung’s belief and what do 2 of the 4 mean?

A

Anima/Animus, Collective Unconscious, and Personal Unconscious. Anime/Animus refers to healthy personality that has both these characteristics

45
Q

Define Anima

A

Female aspects of personality

46
Q

Define Animus

A

Male aspects of personality

47
Q

Define Collective Unconscious

A

LOOK IN BOOK

48
Q

Define Personal Unconscious

A

LOOK IN BOOK

49
Q

Define Behavioral Theory

A

Refers to why you have the personality you have today, is due from the situation of your environment growing up, from parents (has nothing to do with your unconsciousness

50
Q

Define Social Learning Theory

A

Similar to Behavioral Theory, but it also considers perceptions and expectations of one to reason a personality

51
Q

Define Self-Efficacy

A

Your ability to create a positive change

52
Q

Define Humanistic Theory

A

Belief that your personality you have today is determined by your conscious thoughts and feelings, you have what’s known as a free will. You determine your personality

53
Q

Name 2 Humanistic Theorists

A
  1. Maslow

2. Rogers

54
Q

What did Maslow believe in, referring to Humanistic Theories

A

Believed that, a way to be this concept/theory, you have to be authentic, genuine

55
Q

What did Rogers believe in, referring to Humanistic Theories

A

Believed that it was determined by telling the truth; telling the truth about who you are

56
Q

What are the 3 types of Clinical Interviews in Measuring Personality?

A
  1. Unstructured Interview
  2. Structured Interview
  3. LImitation of a Clinical Interview
57
Q

Define a Unstructured Interview

A

An interview where there are no set topics. Something like, “tell me about yourself” a very open, ended question

58
Q

Define a Structured Interview

A

An interview where there’s specific, planned questions such as “would you rather hang out with friends or be by yourself?” (There’s only a choice of two answers)

59
Q

Is a Structured Interview reliable or not, and why/why not?

A

It is NOT reliable because people sometimes represent themselves in a more positive way

60
Q

Define a Limitation of a Clinical Interview

A

This interview is in relation to the “Halo Effect” - when the interviewer tends to generalize about a person’s personality based on one characteristic of that person.
For example, if you thought the patient/person you’re interviewing is outgoing, you assume their friendly.

61
Q

What are the 3 types of ways of Measuring Personality?

A
  1. Clinical Interview
  2. Observation
  3. Questionnaires
62
Q

Explain Observation referring to Measuring Personality

A

The most accurate way to measure personality

63
Q

Name the 2 types of Questionnaires

A
  1. Objective

2. Projective

64
Q

What is an Objective Questionnaire?

A

There is a clear cut scoring system, usually true/false or yes or no questions. It measures your conscious thoughts and feelings

65
Q

Name and define and example of an Objective Questionnaire

A

MMPI-2. Approx. 600 questions, measures conscious thoughts and feelings, measures 10 different dimensions of personality. Measures if you’re depressed, schizophrenic, suicidal, and a unique thing is that is has a lie scale

66
Q

What is a Projective Questionnaire?

A

It does NOT have a clear cut scoring system. Measures Unconscious thoughts and feelings

67
Q

What are two examples of Projective Questionnaires?

A
  1. Rorschach

2. TAT

68
Q

What is Rorschach?

A

An example of a Projective Questionnaire that is commonly known as the “ink blot test.” Contains 10 different ink blots, 5 of them are black and white, the other 5 have different colors. You see one ink blot at a time and are asked “what might you see” which then determines your personality. From the answers, you also look for themes and patterns

69
Q

What is TAT?

A

An example of a Projective Questionnaire, containing 20 sketches and 3 questions are asked.

70
Q

What 3 questions are asked within the TAT?

A
  1. Describe/Tell me a story about what you see in the sketch
  2. What are the people feeling in the sketch
  3. What’s the outcome of the story
71
Q

Define Reliability

A

Refers to the consistency of a test (IQ test)

72
Q

Define Validity

A

Refers to “does this test measure, what it says it’s going to measure”; verification/clarity

73
Q

What are Sudden Murderers?

A

Are a research of people who all of sudden commit murders. They are often shy, restrained, and fairly inexpressive

74
Q

Define Habitually Violent

A

Contrast to “Sudden Murderers,” Habitually Violent people have a history of being violent, tend to be aggressive people, under controlled, and are not shy

75
Q

Define Shy People

A

They don’t have/feel as confident or have limited social skills, have anxiety around being evaluated or rejected, and self conscious are triggered by new/unfamiliar situations

Psychology (13 decks)

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