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A&P 1141 > Ch.5 Integumentary System > Flashcards

Ch.5 Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A 
Skin
Sweat Glands
Oil Glands
Hair
Nails
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2
Q

What are the functions of the Integumentary system?

A
  • Physical, chemical and biological barrier
  • Body Temp regulation
  • Cutaneous sensation
  • Metabolism of Vitamin D
  • Blood Resevoir
  • Excretion
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3
Q

What are the two layers of skin?

A
  1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

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4
Q

This is the outermost protective shield of the body composed of epithelial cells.

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

What are the cells of the epidermis?

A
  1. Keratinocytes
  2. Melanocyte
  3. Langerhans (Dendritic)
  4. Merkel (tactile)
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6
Q

This epidermal cell is a tough fibrous protein that protects against weak acids, weak bases and scrapes. It makes up the majority of the epidermis and its chief role is to produce keratin.

A

Keratinocytes

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7
Q

This epidermal cell is spidery shaped cell in the basal layer. It produces-secretes melanin and gives color to skin.

A

Melanocytes

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8
Q

This protects the nucleus from UV damage.

A

Melanin

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9
Q

This epidermal cell is derived from bone marrow and is activates immune system. It protects against pathogens.

A

Langerhans (Dendritic) Cells

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10
Q

This epidermal cell is in the basal layer. It is associated with nerve endings in the dermis and assists in sense of touch. It is protective.

A

Merkel (tactile) Cells

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11
Q

What type of tissue is the epidermis?

A

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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12
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis? From superficial to deep

A
  1. Corneum (Horny)
  2. Lucidum (Clear)
  3. Granulosum (Granular)
  4. Spinosum (Prickly)
  5. Basale (Basal)
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13
Q

This is the 1st layer of the epidermis that is 20-30 layers of keratin, dead.

A

Corneum (horny)

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14
Q

This is the 2nd layer of the epidermis that is translucent palms and soles.

A

Lucidum (clear)

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15
Q

This is the 3rd layer of the epidermis that is 3-5 layers and secretes glycolipids.

A

Granulosum (granular)

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16
Q

This is the 4th layer of the epidermis and is a tension resisting layer attaching to desmosomes.

A

Spinosum (prickly)

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17
Q

This is the 5th and deepest layer of the epidermis that is regenerative and is attached to the dermis. Represents the youngest keratinocytes.

A

Basale (basal)

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18
Q

Living cells are more ____ to dead cells of the epidermis.

A

deep

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19
Q

Little keratin is deeper to lots of keratin that is more ______ in the epidermis.

A

Superficial

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20
Q

____ glycolipids are deeper to more superficial glycolipids in the epidermis.

A

Little

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21
Q

Cuboidal cells are more ____ than to squamous cells of the epidermis.

A

Deep

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22
Q

Mitosis occurs deep in the epidermis and not _____.

A

Superficially

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23
Q

This makes up the bulk of the skin and is a tough leathery layer composed of mostly dense connective tissue. It has a rich supply of nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatic cells.

24
Q

What 4 types of tissue make up the dermis?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Nervous
  4. Muscular
25
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary

2. Reticular

26
Q

This layer of the dermis is loose areolar connective tissue, Fingerprints.

A

Papillary.

27
Q

This layer makes up 80% of the dermis. It is course irregular connective tissue. Blood vessels nourish this layer the cutaneous plexus.

28
Q

What determines skin color?

A

Melanin
Hemoglobin
Carotene

29
Q

This is reddish brown to black skin.

30
Q

This is red, blood, pinkish he of pale skin.

A

Hemoglobin

31
Q

This is yellow to orange stratum corneum of palms and soles.

32
Q

Black and blue marks of the skin are what?

A

Bruises, escaped clotted blood.

33
Q

These are flexible strands produced by hair follicles and consists largely of dead keratinized cells.

A

Hair or Pili

34
Q

What are the 3 structures associated with hair?

A
  1. Hair follicle
  2. Hair bulb
  3. Root hair plexus
35
Q

These fold down from the epidermal surface into the dermis. the deep end is 4mm below the surface and expands to form a hair bulb.

A

Hair follicle

36
Q

This is a knot of sensory nerve endings in hair.

A

hair follicle receptor or root hair plexus

37
Q

The shaft of hair is ___ and the root of hair is ____.

A

Dead

Alive

38
Q

What are the 3 layers of hair?

A
  1. Medulla
  2. Cortex
  3. Cuticle
39
Q

This layer of hair has a central core consisting of large cells and airspace and contains soft keratin.

40
Q

This is the bulky layer of hair that surrounds the medulla. IT consists of several layers of flattened cells.

41
Q

This is the outermost layer of hair that overlaps like shingles on a roof. It is the most heavily keratinized part of the hair and provides strength and keeps inner layers compacted.

42
Q

These are simple branched alveolar glands that are found all over the body except in the palms and soles. They secrete an oily substance called sebum.

A

Sebaceous glands or oil glands.

43
Q

Central cells of the alveoli accumulate pily lipids until they become so engorged that they burst so that they are called _____?

A

Holocrine glands

44
Q

This softens and lubricates the hair and skin.

45
Q

What are the 3 sweat glands?

A
  1. Eccrine
  2. Apocrine
  3. Ceruminous
46
Q

This gland secretes hypotonic filtrate from blood and is a temperature control.

A

Eccrine sweat glands

47
Q

This gland is viscous and is found in the axial armpits and the anogenital regions only. It is responsible for body odor and appears at puberty.

A

Apocrine sweat glands.

48
Q

These are modified apocrine glands of the ear and produce ear wax.

A

Ceruminous glands.

49
Q

These glands secrete milk.

A

Mammary glands.

50
Q

These are clear protective coverings on the dorsal surface of the distal part of a finger or toe that contain hard keratin.

51
Q

This is the nail growing cellular region.

A

Nail matrix

52
Q

The epidermis is damaged with this type of burn.

A

1st degree

53
Q

The epidermis and some of the dermis are damaged with this type of burn. As long as some of the dermis is intact, it should repair itself. The main concern with this type of burn is infection.

A

2nd degree

54
Q

The epidermis and dermis are completely damaged with this type of burn. It is often times painless because the nerves are killed.

A

3rd degree.

55
Q

This type of cancer involves basal cells, 30% of all caucasians get it. It is the least dangerous but there is concern with sun exposure if diagnosed.

A

Basal cell carcinoma.

56
Q

This type of skin cancer is the second most common and arises from the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum. Surgery or radiation will treat it.

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

57
Q

This type of skin cancer is cancer of the melanocytes and is the most dangerous becuase it is highly metastatic.

A&P 1141 (15 decks)

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