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A&P 1141 > Ch. 14 Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch. 14 Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

This is an involuntary system of motor neurons that innervate smooth and cardiac muscles and glands. It is divided into 2 opposing systems.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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2
Q

The ANS uses 2-neuron chain to activate ______.

A

Effectors (muscles and glands)

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3
Q

ANS has many ganglia in the PNS.

A

Preganglionic vs. postganglionic

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4
Q

What are the 2 neurotransmitters used by the ANS?

A
  1. Norepinephrine (NE)- sympathetic division

2. Acetylcholine (ACh)- parasympathetic division

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5
Q

Most visceral organs receive innervation from?

A

Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS

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6
Q

This division of the ANS is the “resting and digesting” division. It keeps energy use low. Maintains homeostasis.

A

Parasympathetic Division

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7
Q

This division of the ANS is the “fight or flight” division which mobilized energy use. Mobilizes energy use for skeletal muscles.

A

Sympathetic Division

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8
Q

What are the cranial nerve outputs for the parasympathetic division?

A

Oculomotor (III)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)

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9
Q

What are the sacral nerve outputs for the parasympathetic division?

A

S2-S4– pelvic splanchnic nerves

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10
Q

Which ganglion and glands are associated with the oculomotor outputs?

A

Ciliary ganglion

Smooth muscle of the eye

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11
Q

Which ganglion and glands are associated with the facial nerve outputs?

A
  1. Pterygopalatine ganglion innervates-
    Lacrimal gland
  2. Submandibular ganglion innervates-
    Salivary glands
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12
Q

Which ganglion and glands are associated with the glossopharyngeal outputs?

A

Optic ganglion innervates-

Salivary gland

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13
Q

Which parts of the body are associated with the vagus nerve output?

A 
Heart
Lungs
Liver
Gallbladder
Stomach
Pancreas
Large and small intestine
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14
Q

Which plexuses are part of the vagus output?

A 
Cardiac
Pulmonary
Esophageal
Aortic
Right and left vagus trunks
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15
Q

Which plexuses and parts of the body are associated with the sacral outputs?

A

Inferior hypogastric plexus
Distal half of the large intestines
Bladder and genitalia

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16
Q

Which spinal nerve output is associated with the sympathetic division?

A

T1-L2

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17
Q

_______ sympathetic neurons reside in lateral horn of the spinal cord.

A

Preganglionic

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18
Q

Preganglion send axons out by the ventral horn and form what?

A

White ramus communicans

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19
Q

Axons enter the _____ trunk ganglion and the white ramus join together to form this trunk.

A

Sympathetic

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20
Q

Each sympathetic trunk ganglion has _____ ganglia on each side (paravertebral).

A

23

On each side

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21
Q

Axons can synapse with ganglionic neurons, ascend or descend to other ganglia or _____ the trunk?

A

Leave

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22
Q

These axons leave the trunk and will synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia. Contribute to the innervation of the internal organs.

A

Splanchnic nerves

23
Q

What are the axons that synapse in trunk ganglia?

A
  1. White ramus communicans

2. Gray ramus communicans

24
Q

These are axons from spinal cord lateral horn neurons and are myelinated.

A

White ramus communicans

25
Q

These axons are from trunk ganglion neurons and are unmyelinated.

A

Gray ramus communicans

26
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia innervate which two parts of the body?

A
  1. Head- dilates eyes, inhibits salivary glands, sends branches to the heart
  2. Thorax- heart and mostly skin
27
Q

The parasympathetic division is also known as what?

A

Craniosacral division

28
Q

The sympathetic division is also known as what?

A

Thoracolumbar division

29
Q

The parasympathetic division has ____ preganglion and _____ post ganglion.

A

Long

Short

30
Q

The sympathetic division has ____ preganglion and ____ postganglion.

A

Short

Long

31
Q

Sympathetic collateral ganglia innervate which 3 parts of the body?

A
  1. Abdomen- thoracic splanchnic nerves -stomach, intestines, liver, spleen
  2. Pelvis- lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves- lrg intestine, bladder, genitalia
  3. Adrenal gland- secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
32
Q

What are the 2 types of visceral reflexes?

A
  1. Somatic spinal reflexes- 2-4 neurons

2. Visceral reflexes- at least 3 neurons

33
Q

This is when visceral pain afferents travel along the same nerve fibers as somatic pain fibers. His visceral pain “feels” like somatic pain or pain from the skin area.

A

Referred pain

34
Q

Autonomic Nervous System has ____ and _____ fibers? These are receptors to neurotransmitters.

A

Cholinergic

Adrenergic

35
Q

All ANS preganglionic fibers release ____.

A

ACh

36
Q

All parasympathetic postganglionic fibers release____.

A

ACh

37
Q

All sympathetic postganglionic fibers release _____.

A

Norepinephrine

38
Q

What are the 2 types of cholinergic receptors?

A
  1. Nicotinic receptors

2. Muscarinic receptors

39
Q

These cholinergic receptors are ion channels that change the membrane potential. They are found in all ganglionic neurons and adrenal cells at the neuromuscular junctions.

A

Nicotinic receptors

40
Q

These cholinergic receptors are G protein couples receptors that respond more slowly but with longer lasting effects. They are found on effector cells.

A

Muscarinic

41
Q

What are the 2 types of adrenergic receptors?

A
  1. Alpha (alpha 1 and 2)

2. Beta (beta 1, 2 and 3)

42
Q

Norepinephrine and epinephrine can be _____ or _____ depending on receptor subtypes.

A

Excitatory

Inhibitory

43
Q

The autonomic divisions are _____. They are opposite each other. Whichever one turns on the other turns off.

A

Antagonistic

44
Q

This is the preferred tone for the heart and smooth muscle of the digestive and urinary tracts. It is localized and short lived.

A

Parasympathetic tone

45
Q

This is the tone for blood vessels only. The alpha blockers treat hypertension. It is diffuse (effects the whole body) and is long lived.

A

Sympathetic or vasomotor tone

46
Q

Parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions are stimulatory together in cooperative tone which stimulates what?

A

External genitalia

47
Q

This is the main control and integration center of the ANS.

A

Hypothalamus

48
Q

This is the main control of the cardiac and vasomotor centers of the ANS. Reticular formation exerts direct control.

A

Brainstem

49
Q

The spinal cord is the main ANS control of what?

A

Defecation and micturation

50
Q

This influences the ANS often through emotional responses.

A

Cortex

51
Q

What do we call the 2 neurons in most ANS pathways?

A

Central motor neurons- preganglion-myelinated

Peripheral motor neurons- postganglion- unmyelinated

52
Q

Which ANS fibers are cholinergic?

A

Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers

53
Q

Which ANS fibers are adrenergic?

A

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

54
Q

How do the functions of the 2 divisions differ?

A

Parasympathetic is localized and short lived.

Sympathetic is diffuse- while body effects and is long lived.

A&P 1141 (15 decks)

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