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A&P 1141 > Ch. 8 Joint Articulations > Flashcards

Ch. 8 Joint Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

This is a site where 2 or more bones meet.

A

articulation

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2
Q

This is a type of fibrous joint held together with very short, interconnecting fibers, and bones edges interlock. It is found only in the skull.

A

suture

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3
Q

This is a type of fibrous joint that is held together by a ligament, cords or bands of fibrous tissue.

A

Syndesmosis

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4
Q

This fibrous joint is a “ peg in socket” such as periodontal ligament holding a tooth in socket.

A

Gomphosis

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5
Q

What are the 3 structural classes of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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6
Q

This type of joint is held together by the collogen fibers of connective tissue.

A

Fibrous joint

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?

A
  1. Suture
  2. Syndesmosis
  3. Gomphosis
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8
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints? And which is moveable and which is immovable?

A
  1. Synchondrosis (immobile)

2. Symphysis (slightly moveable)

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9
Q

These are adjoining bones covered with articular cartilage, separated by a joint cavity, and enclosed within an articular capsule lined within synovial membranes.

A

Synovial joints

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10
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A
  1. Plane
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot
  4. Condylar
  5. Saddle
  6. Ball and Socket
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11
Q

This is a cartilaginous joint uniting bones by hyaline cartilage. Give an example.

A

Synchondroses

example: epiphyseal plate or joint between first rib and sternum

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12
Q

This is a cartilaginous joint uniting bones by fibrocartilage. Give an example.

A

Symphyses

example: pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs of spine

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13
Q

What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?

A
  1. Synarthrotic- Immovable
  2. Amphiarthrotic- slightly moveable
  3. Diarthrotic- freely moveable
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14
Q

Freely moveable joints dominate in which area of the body?

A

The limbs

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15
Q

Immovable and slightly moveable joints are restricted to which are of the body?

A

Axial skeleton

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16
Q

Which type of movement are most fibrous joints?

A

Synarthrotic

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17
Q

Which type of movement are most synovial joints?

A

Diarthrotic

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18
Q

Which type of movement are most cartilaginous joints?

A

Synarthrotic and amphiarthrotic

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19
Q

What are some examples of fibrous joints?

A
  1. Skull sutures- synarthrotic

2. Inferior tibofibular joint- synarthrotic

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20
Q

What are some examples of cartilainous joints?

A
  1. Intervertebral joint- Amphiarthrotic
  2. 1st intercostal joint- Synarthrotic
  3. Pubic symphysis- Amphiarthrotic
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21
Q

What are some examples of plane synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?

A
  1. Intercarpl joints
  2. intertarsal joints
  3. joints between vertebral articular surfaces
    Non-axial
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22
Q

What are some examples of hinge synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?

A
  1. Elbow
  2. Interphalangeal- fingers and toes
  3. Tibia and fibula with talus
  4. Tempromandibular
    Uni-axial
23
Q

What are some examples of pivot synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?

A
  1. Atlantooaxial joint
  2. Proximal and distal radioulnar
    Uniaxial
24
Q

What are some examples of condylar synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?

A
  1. Atlantooccipital
  2. Wrist
  3. Metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal
    Biaxial
25
Q

What are examples of saddle synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?

A
  1. Sternoclavicular
  2. Carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
    Biaxial
26
Q

What are examples of ball and socket synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?

A
  1. Shoulder
  2. Hip
    Multiaxial
27
Q

What are the 6 distinguishing features of a synovial joint?

A
  1. Articular Cartilage
  2. Joint Cavity
  3. Articular Capsule
  4. Synovial Fluid
  5. Reinforcing Ligaments
  6. Nerves and Blood Vessels
28
Q

These thin spongy cushion of hyaline cartilage absorb compression placed on the joint and thereby keep the bon ends from being crushed.

A

Articular Cartilage

29
Q

This is a potential space within a joint that contains a small amount of synovial fluid.

A

Joint (articular) Cavity

30
Q

This encloses the synovial joint cavity and is a tough external fibrous layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue.
It strengthens the joint so that the bones are not pulled apart.

A

Articular (joint) Capsule

31
Q

What is the inner layer of the articular (joint) capsule?

A

Synovial membrane

32
Q

This is a small amount o fluid that occupies all free space within a joint capsule. It is derived from filtration of the blood flowing through the capillaries in the synovial membrane and is often a viscous egg white consistency.

A

Synovial fluid.

33
Q

Synovial joints are reinforced and strengthened by a number of band like ligaments most often called?

A

Capsular Ligaments

34
Q

Synovial joints are richly supplied with ___ fibers that innervate the capsule and ____ vessels that supply the synovial membrane.

A

Nerve Fibers

Blood Vessels

35
Q

This is a flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid. They occur where ligaments, muscles, tendons, or bones rub together..

A

Bursae

36
Q

This is an elongated bursae that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction, like a bun around a hotdog. They are common where several tendons are crowded together within narrow canals such as in the wrist.

A

Tendon Sheath

37
Q

Slipping movements only.

A

Non-axial

38
Q

Movement in one plane.

A

Uniaxial

39
Q

Movement in two planes.

A

Biaxial

40
Q

Movement in or around all three planes of space and axes.

A

Multiaxial

41
Q

This is when reinforcing ligaments are stretched or torn, self-repair or surgery is needed.

A

Sprains

42
Q

This is tearing of the cartilage, usually occuring in the knee menisci). Surgery is required.

A

Cartilage injuries

43
Q

This is when bones are out of alignment. Also called luxation. Reduction or realignment of the bones are necessary. Repeat of this injury is in the same joint is common.

A

Dislocation

44
Q

Inflammation of the bursa from friction or blow. Treatment is ice, rest, anti-inflammatory drugs.

A

Bursitis

45
Q

Inflammation of tendon sheaths from overuse. Treatment is rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs.

A

Tendonitis

46
Q

Inflammatory or degenerative diseases of the joints.

A

Arthritis

47
Q

What are 3 types of arthritic disease?

A
  1. Osteoarthritis
  2. Rheumatoid Arthritis
  3. Gouty Arthritis
48
Q

This is the most common type of arthritis with 85% of all Americans suffering. Cartilage is destroyed faster than it can be replaced. Badly aligned or overworked joints.

A

Osteoarthritis

49
Q

What is the treatment for Osteoarthritis?

A

Aspirin and regular activity. Capsaicin, glucosamine, and chondroitin sulfate.

50
Q

This is chronic autoimmune arthritis which has an onset of 40-50 years old. The synovial membranes thicken to form pannus, eroding cartilage and bone where scar tissue then ossifies. Bent fingers-ankylosis.

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

51
Q

What is the treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

No cure. Immunosuppressants and anti-inflammatories.

52
Q

This type of arthritis is where uric acid is deposited as urate crystals in soft joint tissues causing inflammation of affected joints. If left untreated one will need fusion of the bones.

A

Gouty Arthritis

53
Q

What is the treatment for Gouty Arthritis?

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, glucocorticoids, drink water, avoid alcohol and foods high in purinergic nucleic acids such as liver, kidneys and sardines.

A&P 1141 (15 decks)

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