Ch. 8 Joint Articulations Flashcards
This is a site where 2 or more bones meet.
articulation
This is a type of fibrous joint held together with very short, interconnecting fibers, and bones edges interlock. It is found only in the skull.
suture
This is a type of fibrous joint that is held together by a ligament, cords or bands of fibrous tissue.
Syndesmosis
This fibrous joint is a “ peg in socket” such as periodontal ligament holding a tooth in socket.
Gomphosis
What are the 3 structural classes of joints?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
This type of joint is held together by the collogen fibers of connective tissue.
Fibrous joint
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?
- Suture
- Syndesmosis
- Gomphosis
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints? And which is moveable and which is immovable?
- Synchondrosis (immobile)
2. Symphysis (slightly moveable)
These are adjoining bones covered with articular cartilage, separated by a joint cavity, and enclosed within an articular capsule lined within synovial membranes.
Synovial joints
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
- Plane
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Condylar
- Saddle
- Ball and Socket
This is a cartilaginous joint uniting bones by hyaline cartilage. Give an example.
Synchondroses
example: epiphyseal plate or joint between first rib and sternum
This is a cartilaginous joint uniting bones by fibrocartilage. Give an example.
Symphyses
example: pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs of spine
What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?
- Synarthrotic- Immovable
- Amphiarthrotic- slightly moveable
- Diarthrotic- freely moveable
Freely moveable joints dominate in which area of the body?
The limbs
Immovable and slightly moveable joints are restricted to which are of the body?
Axial skeleton
Which type of movement are most fibrous joints?
Synarthrotic
Which type of movement are most synovial joints?
Diarthrotic
Which type of movement are most cartilaginous joints?
Synarthrotic and amphiarthrotic
What are some examples of fibrous joints?
- Skull sutures- synarthrotic
2. Inferior tibofibular joint- synarthrotic
What are some examples of cartilainous joints?
- Intervertebral joint- Amphiarthrotic
- 1st intercostal joint- Synarthrotic
- Pubic symphysis- Amphiarthrotic
What are some examples of plane synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?
- Intercarpl joints
- intertarsal joints
- joints between vertebral articular surfaces
Non-axial
What are some examples of hinge synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?
- Elbow
- Interphalangeal- fingers and toes
- Tibia and fibula with talus
- Tempromandibular
Uni-axial
What are some examples of pivot synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?
- Atlantooaxial joint
- Proximal and distal radioulnar
Uniaxial
What are some examples of condylar synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?
- Atlantooccipital
- Wrist
- Metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal
Biaxial
What are examples of saddle synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?
- Sternoclavicular
- Carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
Biaxial
What are examples of ball and socket synovial joints? Is it non-axial, uni, bi, or multi?
- Shoulder
- Hip
Multiaxial
What are the 6 distinguishing features of a synovial joint?
- Articular Cartilage
- Joint Cavity
- Articular Capsule
- Synovial Fluid
- Reinforcing Ligaments
- Nerves and Blood Vessels
These thin spongy cushion of hyaline cartilage absorb compression placed on the joint and thereby keep the bon ends from being crushed.
Articular Cartilage
This is a potential space within a joint that contains a small amount of synovial fluid.
Joint (articular) Cavity
This encloses the synovial joint cavity and is a tough external fibrous layer composed of dense irregular connective tissue.
It strengthens the joint so that the bones are not pulled apart.
Articular (joint) Capsule
What is the inner layer of the articular (joint) capsule?
Synovial membrane
This is a small amount o fluid that occupies all free space within a joint capsule. It is derived from filtration of the blood flowing through the capillaries in the synovial membrane and is often a viscous egg white consistency.
Synovial fluid.
Synovial joints are reinforced and strengthened by a number of band like ligaments most often called?
Capsular Ligaments
Synovial joints are richly supplied with ___ fibers that innervate the capsule and ____ vessels that supply the synovial membrane.
Nerve Fibers
Blood Vessels
This is a flattened fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid. They occur where ligaments, muscles, tendons, or bones rub together..
Bursae
This is an elongated bursae that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction, like a bun around a hotdog. They are common where several tendons are crowded together within narrow canals such as in the wrist.
Tendon Sheath
Slipping movements only.
Non-axial
Movement in one plane.
Uniaxial
Movement in two planes.
Biaxial
Movement in or around all three planes of space and axes.
Multiaxial
This is when reinforcing ligaments are stretched or torn, self-repair or surgery is needed.
Sprains
This is tearing of the cartilage, usually occuring in the knee menisci). Surgery is required.
Cartilage injuries
This is when bones are out of alignment. Also called luxation. Reduction or realignment of the bones are necessary. Repeat of this injury is in the same joint is common.
Dislocation
Inflammation of the bursa from friction or blow. Treatment is ice, rest, anti-inflammatory drugs.
Bursitis
Inflammation of tendon sheaths from overuse. Treatment is rest, ice, anti-inflammatory drugs.
Tendonitis
Inflammatory or degenerative diseases of the joints.
Arthritis
What are 3 types of arthritic disease?
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Gouty Arthritis
This is the most common type of arthritis with 85% of all Americans suffering. Cartilage is destroyed faster than it can be replaced. Badly aligned or overworked joints.
Osteoarthritis
What is the treatment for Osteoarthritis?
Aspirin and regular activity. Capsaicin, glucosamine, and chondroitin sulfate.
This is chronic autoimmune arthritis which has an onset of 40-50 years old. The synovial membranes thicken to form pannus, eroding cartilage and bone where scar tissue then ossifies. Bent fingers-ankylosis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
What is the treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
No cure. Immunosuppressants and anti-inflammatories.
This type of arthritis is where uric acid is deposited as urate crystals in soft joint tissues causing inflammation of affected joints. If left untreated one will need fusion of the bones.
Gouty Arthritis
What is the treatment for Gouty Arthritis?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, glucocorticoids, drink water, avoid alcohol and foods high in purinergic nucleic acids such as liver, kidneys and sardines.
