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Nursing > ch.41 > Flashcards

ch.41 Flashcards

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1
Q

acidosis

A

condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35

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2
Q

alkalosis

A

condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45

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3
Q

anions

A

ion that carries a negative electric charge

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4
Q

autologous transfusion

A

occurs when a patient donates one’s own blood for a transfusion

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5
Q

capillary filtration

A

passage of fluid across the wall of the capillary; results from the force of blood “pushing” against the walls of the capillaries

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6
Q

cations

A

ion that carries a positive electric charge

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7
Q

colloid osmotic pressure

A

pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body
-draws fluid into the blood and prevent excess fluid loss

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8
Q

cross matching

A

act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens

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9
Q

dehydration

A

decreased water volume in body tissue, electrolyte change

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10
Q

edema

A

buildup of fluid

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11
Q

electrolytes

A

substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution
-minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge

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12
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

force exerted by a fluid against the container wall

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13
Q

hypercalcemia

A

excess of calcium

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14
Q

hyperchloremia

A

excess of chloride

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15
Q

hyperkalemia

A

excess of potassium

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16
Q

hypermagnesemia

A

excess of magnesium

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17
Q

hypernatremia

A

excess of sodium

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18
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

above-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

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19
Q

hypervolemia

A

excess of plasma, excessive retention of water
-fluid overload

20
Q

hypocalcemia

A

insufficient calcium

21
Q

hypochloremia

A

insufficient chloride

22
Q

hypokalemia

A

insufficient potassium

23
Q

hypomagnesemia

A

insufficient magnesium

24
Q

hyponatremia

A

insufficient amount of sodium

25
Q

hypophosphatemia

A

below-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus

26
Q

hypovolemia

A

deficiency of blood plasma
-caused by blood loss or burns

27
Q

ion

A

atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in solution

28
Q

solute

A

substance dissolved in a solution

29
Q

solvent

A

liquid holding a substance in solution

30
Q

intracellular fluid

A

fluid within cells (70%)

31
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid outside cells (30%)

32
Q

solvent

A

liquids that hold a substance in solution

33
Q

solutes

A

gets dissolved in a solvent

34
Q

third space fluid shift

A

distributional shift of body fluids into potential body spaces
-fluid goes from blood to interstitial space

35
Q

homeostasis

A

total cations equal to total anions

36
Q

sodium

A

controls and regulates volume of body fluids

37
Q

potassium

A

chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content
-helps regulate heart contractions

38
Q

calcium

A

blood clotting, nerve impulse, muscle contraction

39
Q

magnesium

A

metabolism of carbs and proteins

40
Q

chloride

A

maintains osmotic pressure in blood

41
Q

nonelectrolytes

A

molecules in the bodys chemical compounds that remain intact

42
Q

active transport

A

requires energy for movement of substances through the cell membrane from lesser to high concentration

43
Q

capillary filtration

A

passage of fluid through a permeable membrane from high to low

44
Q

carbonic acid sodium bicarbonate buffer

A

most important, buffers as much as 90% of the hydrogen of ECF

45
Q

interstitial to plasma shift

A

movement of fluid from space surrounding cells to blood

Nursing (34 decks)

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