ch.41 Flashcards
acidosis
condition characterized by a proportionate excess of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid, in which the pH falls below 7.35
alkalosis
condition, characterized by a proportionate lack of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid concentration, in which the pH exceeds 7.45
anions
ion that carries a negative electric charge
autologous transfusion
occurs when a patient donates one’s own blood for a transfusion
capillary filtration
passage of fluid across the wall of the capillary; results from the force of blood “pushing” against the walls of the capillaries
cations
ion that carries a positive electric charge
colloid osmotic pressure
pressure exerted by plasma proteins on permeable membranes in the body
-draws fluid into the blood and prevent excess fluid loss
cross matching
act of determining the compatibility of two blood specimens
dehydration
decreased water volume in body tissue, electrolyte change
edema
buildup of fluid
electrolytes
substance capable of breaking into ions and developing an electric charge when dissolved in solution
-minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge
hydrostatic pressure
force exerted by a fluid against the container wall
hypercalcemia
excess of calcium
hyperchloremia
excess of chloride
hyperkalemia
excess of potassium
hypermagnesemia
excess of magnesium
hypernatremia
excess of sodium
hyperphosphatemia
above-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus
hypervolemia
excess of plasma, excessive retention of water
-fluid overload
hypocalcemia
insufficient calcium
hypochloremia
insufficient chloride
hypokalemia
insufficient potassium
hypomagnesemia
insufficient magnesium
hyponatremia
insufficient amount of sodium
hypophosphatemia
below-normal serum concentration of inorganic phosphorus
hypovolemia
deficiency of blood plasma
-caused by blood loss or burns
ion
atom or molecule carrying an electric charge in solution
solute
substance dissolved in a solution
solvent
liquid holding a substance in solution
intracellular fluid
fluid within cells (70%)
extracellular fluid
fluid outside cells (30%)
solvent
liquids that hold a substance in solution
solutes
gets dissolved in a solvent
third space fluid shift
distributional shift of body fluids into potential body spaces
-fluid goes from blood to interstitial space
homeostasis
total cations equal to total anions
sodium
controls and regulates volume of body fluids
potassium
chief regulator of cellular enzyme activity and water content
-helps regulate heart contractions
calcium
blood clotting, nerve impulse, muscle contraction
magnesium
metabolism of carbs and proteins
chloride
maintains osmotic pressure in blood
nonelectrolytes
molecules in the bodys chemical compounds that remain intact
active transport
requires energy for movement of substances through the cell membrane from lesser to high concentration
capillary filtration
passage of fluid through a permeable membrane from high to low
carbonic acid sodium bicarbonate buffer
most important, buffers as much as 90% of the hydrogen of ECF
interstitial to plasma shift
movement of fluid from space surrounding cells to blood
