ch.36

Question 1

acute pain

Answer 1

episode of pain that lasts from seconds to less than 6 months

Question 2

adjuvant

Answer 2

drugs typically used for other purposes, but also used to enhance the effect of opioids by providing additional pain relief

Question 3

analgesic

Answer 3

pharmaceutical agent used to relieve pain

Question 4

breakthrough pain

Answer 4

temporary flare-up of moderate to severe pain that occurs even when the patient is taking around-the-clock medication for persistent pain

Question 5

chronic pain

Answer 5

episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or continuous

Question 6

cutaneous pain

Answer 6

superficial pain usually involving the skin or subcutaneous tissue

Question 7

diversion

Question 8

enkephalins

Answer 8

opioids that are widespread throughout the brain and dorsal horn of the spinal cord and are believed to reduce pain sensation by inhibiting the release of substance P

Question 9

exacerbation

Answer 9

period in chronic illness when the symptoms of the disease reappear

Question 10

gate control theory

Answer 10

theory that explains that excitatory pain stimuli carried by small-diameter nerve fibers can be blocked by inhibiting signals carried by large-diameter nerve fibers

Question 11

neuromodulators

Answer 11

theory that explains that excitatory pain stimuli carried by small-diameter nerve fibers can be blocked by inhibiting signals carried by large-diameter nerve fibers

Question 12

neuropathic pain

Answer 12

pain that results as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting abnormal functioning of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) or central nervous system (CNS)

Question 13

nociceptive pain

Answer 13

pain from a normal process that results in noxious stimuli being perceived as painful

Question 14

nociceptors

Answer 14

pain receptors

Question 15

nociplastic pain

Question 16

opiod

Answer 16

more correct term for narcotic analgesics, since these drugs act by binding to opiate receptor sites in the central nervous system

Question 17

pain threshold

Answer 17

amount of stimulation required before a person experiences the sensation of pain

Question 18

pain tolerance

Answer 18

point beyond which a person is no longer willing to endure pain (i.e., pain of greater duration or intensity)

Question 19

phantom pain

Answer 19

sensation of pain without demonstrable physiologic or pathologic substance; commonly observed after the amputation of a limb

Question 20

placebo

Answer 20

Latin word meaning, “I shall please”; an inactive substance that gives satisfaction to the person using it

Question 21

referred pain

Answer 21

pain in an area removed from that in which stimulation has its origin

Question 22

remission

Answer 22

period in a chronic illness when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms of the disease

Question 23

somatic pain

Answer 23

pain originating in structures in the body’s external wall
-tendons, ligaments, bones

Question 24

visceral pain

Answer 24

pain originating in the internal organs in the thorax, cranium, or abdomen

Question 25

transduction

Answer 25

activation of pain receptors

Question 26

transmission

Answer 26

conduction of pain sensations from the site of an injury or inflammation along clear and unclear pathways to the spinal cord and then on to higher centers

Question 27

modulation

Answer 27

inhibition or modification of pain

Question 28

referred pain

Answer 28

originates in one part of the body

Question 29

FLACC

Answer 29

faces, legs, activity, cry, consolability

Question 30

Sedation Scale

Answer 30

1- awake, alert
2- occasionally drowsy, easy to arouse
3- frequently drowsy
4- minimal/no response to stimuli