ch4: dietary nutrients vocab Flashcards
hypertension
a cardiovascular disorder, blood puts an abnormal amount of force on the inside walls of the arteries so blood pressure increases
type 2 diabetes mellitus
a disorder from having to little insulin secretion or resistance to the effects of insulin
cholesterol
an essential substance in the body that can increase adversely with ongoing fat intake and block blood flow through blood vessels, causing impairment in heart and blood vessels
calorie
a unit that provides a measurement for energy; the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 degree celsius or kilocalorie
basal metabolism
the amount of energy necessary for maintaining life sustaining actives for a specific period of time
obese
having a bmi for 30.0 or greater
diarrhea
frequent passage of loose watery vowel movements
hyponatremia
a low level of sodium in the blood
defecation
excretion (elimination) of solid waste from the body
constipation
having hardened stool that is difficult to eliminate
gallstones
the formation of stones in the gallbladder
hemorrhoid
a mass of dilated veins in swollen tissue at the anus or within the rectum
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
a recurrent bowel dysfunction that causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloating
diverticulosis
multiple small pouches forming in the walls of the large intestine
hematological system
the structures and functions relating to blood
enzyme
a chemical substance in animals and plants that causes or facilitates natural processes like digestion
metabolic
referring to metabolism
organic
obtained from living things, not made with artificial chemicals
inorganic
made from or containing material that does not come from living things
cellular activities
responsible for growth, repair, disease resistance, fluid balance, and thermoregulation in the body
thermoregulation
the control or maintenance of body temperature
essential nutrients
nutrients the body CANNOT produce
non essential nutrients
nutrients the body CAN make
digestion
breaking down all the nutrients into substances the body can use
essential amino acids
the body cannot produce these: you get these from the food you intake
nonessential amino acids
are made from essential amino acids or as protein breaks down
conditional amino acids
not always needed or essential but they might be if a person is ill or under extreme stress
carbs
organic compounds that combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen into sugar molecules and come primarily from plant sources
simple sugars
ex: honey , candy
have one or two sugar molecules
complex carbs
ex: fruits, veggies
have long chains of hundreds to thousands of sugar molecules
glucose
the simple sugar the body requires for energy needs ; body burns differently than fat or protein
unsaturated fatty acids
less dense and heavy, less potential to raise cholesterol
saturated fats
solid at room temp, come from meat products, raises cholesterol
fiber
complex carb that humans connot digest
helps with defecation
other chemical name for fiber
roughage
colon cancer
cancer of the colon
cofactors
they assist other substances in performing their metabolic functions
france minerals
iron, iodine, zinc, copper, fluoride, maganese
major minerals
calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium
