ch4: dietary nutrients vocab

Question 1

hypertension

Answer 1

a cardiovascular disorder, blood puts an abnormal amount of force on the inside walls of the arteries so blood pressure increases

Question 2

type 2 diabetes mellitus

Answer 2

a disorder from having to little insulin secretion or resistance to the effects of insulin

Question 3

cholesterol

Answer 3

an essential substance in the body that can increase adversely with ongoing fat intake and block blood flow through blood vessels, causing impairment in heart and blood vessels

Question 4

calorie

Answer 4

a unit that provides a measurement for energy; the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 degree celsius or kilocalorie

Question 5

basal metabolism

Answer 5

the amount of energy necessary for maintaining life sustaining actives for a specific period of time

Question 6

obese

Answer 6

having a bmi for 30.0 or greater

Question 7

diarrhea

Answer 7

frequent passage of loose watery vowel movements

Question 8

hyponatremia

Answer 8

a low level of sodium in the blood

Question 9

defecation

Answer 9

excretion (elimination) of solid waste from the body

Question 10

constipation

Answer 10

having hardened stool that is difficult to eliminate

Question 11

gallstones

Answer 11

the formation of stones in the gallbladder

Question 12

hemorrhoid

Answer 12

a mass of dilated veins in swollen tissue at the anus or within the rectum

Question 13

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 13

a recurrent bowel dysfunction that causes abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloating

Question 14

diverticulosis

Answer 14

multiple small pouches forming in the walls of the large intestine

Question 15

hematological system

Answer 15

the structures and functions relating to blood

Question 16

enzyme

Answer 16

a chemical substance in animals and plants that causes or facilitates natural processes like digestion

Question 17

metabolic

Answer 17

referring to metabolism

Question 18

organic

Answer 18

obtained from living things, not made with artificial chemicals

Question 19

inorganic

Answer 19

made from or containing material that does not come from living things

Question 20

cellular activities

Answer 20

responsible for growth, repair, disease resistance, fluid balance, and thermoregulation in the body

Question 21

thermoregulation

Answer 21

the control or maintenance of body temperature

Question 22

essential nutrients

Answer 22

nutrients the body CANNOT produce

Question 23

non essential nutrients

Answer 23

nutrients the body CAN make

Question 24

digestion

Answer 24

breaking down all the nutrients into substances the body can use

Question 25

essential amino acids

Answer 25

the body cannot produce these: you get these from the food you intake

Question 26

nonessential amino acids

Answer 26

are made from essential amino acids or as protein breaks down

Question 27

conditional amino acids

Answer 27

not always needed or essential but they might be if a person is ill or under extreme stress

Question 28

carbs

Answer 28

organic compounds that combine carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen into sugar molecules and come primarily from plant sources

Question 29

simple sugars
ex: honey , candy

Answer 29

have one or two sugar molecules

Question 30

complex carbs
ex: fruits, veggies

Answer 30

have long chains of hundreds to thousands of sugar molecules

Question 31

glucose

Answer 31

the simple sugar the body requires for energy needs ; body burns differently than fat or protein

Question 32

unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 32

less dense and heavy, less potential to raise cholesterol

Question 33

saturated fats

Answer 33

solid at room temp, come from meat products, raises cholesterol

Question 34

fiber

Answer 34

complex carb that humans connot digest
helps with defecation

Question 35

other chemical name for fiber

Answer 35

roughage

Question 36

colon cancer

Answer 36

cancer of the colon

Question 37

cofactors

Answer 37

they assist other substances in performing their metabolic functions

Question 38

france minerals

Answer 38

iron, iodine, zinc, copper, fluoride, maganese

Question 39

major minerals

Answer 39

calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium