CH22 Differential Reinforcement

Question 1

Differential reinforcement is a defining feature of _______ new behaviors

Answer 1

Shaping

Question 2

Differential Reinforcement

Answer 2

Reinforcing one response class and withholding reinforcement for another response class.

Question 3

The four most researched variations of differential reinforcement for decreasing inappropriate behavior are:

Answer 3

1. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI),
2. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA),
3. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO), and
4. Differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)

Question 4

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)

Answer 4

a) Reinforces behavior that CANNOT OCCUR SIMULTANEOUSLY with the problem behavior and
b) withholds reinforcement following instances of the problem behavior.

Question 5

Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

Answer 5

Reinforces occurrences of behavior that provides a DESIRABLE ALTERNATIVE to the problem behavior but is not necessarily incompatible with it.

Question 6

Guidelines for Selecting Incompatible/ Alternative behavior

Answer 6

1. Already exists IN REPERTOIRE
2. Requires EQUAL or LESS EFFORT than PROBLEM BEHAVIOR
3. EMITTED at a RATE that provides SUFFICIENT OPPORTUNITIES for reinforcement
4. LIKELY to be REINFORCED in NATURAL environment

Question 7

When escape from a task or demand situation is used as the reinforcer in a differential reinforcement procedure for reducing inappropriate behavior, the intervention is sometimes called __________ ________ ___________ __ ________ ________.

Answer 7

Differential negative reinforcement of alternative (or incompatible) behavior (DNRA or DNRI)

Question 8

Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)

Answer 8

Delivers a reinforcer whenever the problem BEHAVIOR has NOT OCCURRED during SPECIFIED TIME interval or at the moment of observation.

Question 9

DRO AKA?

Answer 9

ZERO responding
OMISSION training
Differential Reinforcement of Omission

Question 10

Four basic DRO arrangements

Answer 10

Fixed-Interval DRO (FI-DRO)
Variable-Interval DRO (VI-DRO)
Fixed-Momentary DRO (FM-DRO)
Variable-Momentary DRO (VM-DRO)

Question 11

To apply a fixed-interval DRO (FI-DRO) procedure

Answer 11

(a) establishes an INTERVAL of TIME;
(b) delivers reinforcement at the END of that INTERVAL if the PROBLEM DID NOT OCCUR during the interval; and
(c) upon any occurrence of the problem behavior, IMMEDIATELY RESETS the TIMER to begin a new interval.

Question 12

When reinforcement is delivered contingent on the absence of the targeted problem behavior during intervals of varying and unpredictable durations.

Answer 12

Variable-interval DRO (VI-DRO)

Question 13

Fixed-momentary DRO (FM-DRO) and variable- momentary DRO (VM-DRO) schedules use the same procedures as interval DRO (FI-DRO, VI-DRO) except that ___________ ____ ______________ ___ ___ _______ ________ ____ ______ _____ _________ _____, rather than through- out the entire interval as with the whole-interval DRO.

Answer 13

REINFORCEMENT is CONTINGENT on the ABSENCE of the problem behavior only when each INTERVAL ENDS

Question 14

DRL schedule

Answer 14

Reinforcement is delivered if a behavior is BELOW a DETERMINED AMOUNT.

Question 15

DRL schedules produce what type of rates of responding?

Answer 15

Low

Question 16

Three DRL procedures:

Answer 16

Full-session DRL,
Interval DRL, and
Spaced-responding DRL.

Question 17

Full-Session DRL

Answer 17

Reinforcement is delivered at the end of an instructional or treatment session if during the entire session the target behavior occurred at a number equal to or below a predetermined criterion

Question 18

Interval DRL

Answer 18

The practitioner divides a total session into a series of equal intervals of time and provides reinforcement at the end of each interval in which the number of occurrences of the problem behavior during that interval is equal to or below a criterion limit.

Question 19

Spaced-Responding DRL

Answer 19

The practitioner delivers a reinforcer following an occurrence of a response that is separated by at least a minimum amount of time from the previous response.