ASR 5

Question 1

ASR #1
 Which of the following describes the term “reinforcement history”?
a. Identification of reinforcers to increase
behavior
b. Influence of past events on current
behavior
c. Genetic changes across time that lead to
species-specific responses
d. Development of reinforcement schedules
based on historical publications

Answer 1

b

Question 2

ASR #7
 Shortly thereafter, Gretchen uses praise as a consequence for correct responding in her discrete-trial sessions. She no longer uses edible items. What is likely to happen?
a. Reinforcement of correct responding by
praise
b. Respondent extinction only (praise will no
longer elicit respondents, but correct responding will continue)
c. Operant extinction only (praise will continue to elicit respondents, but will not function as a reinforcer)
d. Both respondent and operant extinction

Answer 2

d. Both respondent and operant extinction

Question 3

This kind of treatment relapse is said to occur when the reinforcement schedule on a DR a becomes more intermittent or is removed altogether

Reinstatement

Renewal

Resurgence

Respondent

Answer 3

Resurgence

Question 4

ASR #2
Applied behavior analysts frequently 
study reinforcement history as a 
subject in its own right.
a. True
b. False

Answer 4

False

Question 5

ASR #3
 Alleman & Zeiler (1974) found that 
response rates during fixed-time 
schedules were:
a. Low if the pigeons had recent 
experience with DRL
b. Low if the pigeons only experienced 
FT
c. High if the pigeons had ever 
experienced FR

Answer 5

C

Question 6

ASR #4
 Which of the following might a clinician consider doing if he wanted to maintain responding during response-independent (FT) reinforcement?
a. Make the contexts associated with response-dependent and response-independent schedules as distinct as possible.
b. Select an organism that didn’t have a
reinforcement history.
c. Yoke (equate) the FT schedule to the
obtained response-dependent reinforcement rate

Answer 6

C

Question 7

ASR #27
 One way to identify or reduce the 
influence of history effects in multiple 
baseline designs is to:
a. Select highly similar participants, 
responses, or settings
b. Use interval schedules instead of 
ratio schedules
c. Program for generalization
d. Use a combined design

Answer 7

D

Question 8

ASR #25
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs when 
one phase follows another, so effects 
cannot be separated from history 
with previous phase.
a. Reversal effects
b. Counterbalancing
c. Separation effects
d. Sequential confounding

Answer 8

C

Question 9

ASR #28
Conners and colleagues demonstrated that the use of discriminative stimuli during functional analyses:
a. Improved differentiation between 
conditions
b. Resulted in lower overall rates of 
responding
c. Did not influence functional-analysis 
outcomes
d. Resulted in identification of more 
automatic-reinforcement functions

Answer 9

a. Improved differentiation between

conditions

Question 10

ASR #29
During changing criterion designs,
considering reinforcement history is:

a. Primarily due to ratio strain
b. A critical feature of the design
c. Addressed by counterbalancing conditions
d. Not necessary because history effects are unlikely

Answer 10

B

Question 11

ASR #23
Applied studies of the PREE typically 
find strong evidence for more resistance to extinction after 
intermittent reinforcement than 
continuous reinforcement.
a. True
b. False

Answer 11

False

Question 12

ASR #24
Behavior analysts only need to be 
concerned about a client’s most 
recent reinforcement history. Distant 
histories are overridden by more 
recent experiences.
a. True
b. False

Answer 12

B

Question 13

C

Answer 13

C

Question 14

ASR #26
This term refers to an extreme form 
of sequential confounding.
a. Carryover
b. Irreversibility
c. Overshadowing
d. Multiple causation

Answer 14

B