CH20 Evaluation of Scientific Literature Flashcards
Currently dental products are under the regulation of which government department?
A) Institute of Medicine
B) Food and Drug Administration
C) Institute of Pharmacy
D) American Dental Association
E) None of the above
B) Food and Drug Administration
The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is regulated by the ________.
A) Institute of Medicine
B) Food and Drug Administration
C) American Dental Hygienists’ Association
D) American Medical Association
E) American Dental Association
E) American Dental Association
Which of the following sources can be used to locate information on dental care products?
A) Sales representatives
B) Internet
C) Colleagues
D) Lay magazines
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
The FDA provides dental professionals with information concerning various health products through their FDA ________.
A) Review
B) Writings
C) Times
D) Bulletin
D) Bulletin
Which of the following parts of a research report should contain a condensed version of the purpose, methods, results, and conclusion?
A) Conclusion
B) Discussion
C) Review of the literature
D) Abstract
E) Introduction
D) Abstract
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a summary of all relevant data, including statistics and data characteristics?
A) Abstract
B) Results
C) Methods and materials
D) Discussion
E) Both B and D
B) Results
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a variety of current and relevant studies?
A) Results
B) Abstract
C) Conclusion
D) Literature review
E) Introduction
D) Literature review
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a detailed description of the research instruments, equipment, procedures, and method of data analysis?
A) Methods and materials
B) Literature review
C) Introduction
D) Results
E) Conclusion
A) Methods and materials
Which of the following parts of a research report should evaluate and interpret findings?
A) Results
B) Abstract
C) Discussion
D) Conclusion
E) Literature review
C) Discussion
A peer-reviewed article indicates that the article has been reviewed by ________.
A) An editor from the publishers
B) Editorial reviewers who are copyeditors
C) Editorial reviewers who are dental providers/researchers
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
C) Editorial reviewers who are dental providers/researchers
PubMed is a reliable source to find research reports and is from the ________.
A) Food and Drug Administration
B) Dental Museum
C) National Library of Medicine
D) National Library of Dentistry
E) All of the above
C) National Library of Medicine
The measure of confidence in test results is called ________.
A) Clinical significance
B) Clinical improvements
C) Statistical improvements
D) Statistical significance
E) Both A and C
D) Statistical significance
In the scientific community it is considered the cutoff point for statistical significance if a p value is equal or less than ________.
A) .05
B) .50
C) .005
D) .5
E) None of the above
A) .05
An example of a peer-reviewed journal is the ________.
A) Journal of Practical Hygiene
B) Journal of Dental Hygiene
C) International Journal of Dental Hygiene
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
A refereed journal is sometimes called (a) ________.
A) Blind periodical
B) Peer-reviewed
C) Non-peer-reviewed
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above
B) Peer-reviewed
Studies need to have enough subjects to be valid.
True
False
True
A study should be randomized if at all possible.
True
False
True
A dental hygienist should recommend products based on the ADA Seal.
True
False
False
A dental hygienist who educates patients on dental care products is acting as a consumer advocate.
True
False
True
The number of examiners should be fairly large to ensure calibration.
True
False
False
_____ is a condensed version of a study.
A) Literature review
B) Methodology
C) Results and discussions
D) Introduction
E) Abstract
E) Abstract
____ should include a clear, concise purpose statement
A) Literature review
B) Methodology
C) Results and discussions
D) Introduction
E) Abstract
D) Introduction
____ is a detailed outline of previous findings
A) Literature review
B) Methodology
C) Results and discussions
D) Introduction
E) Abstract
A) Literature review
_____ is a method and material section.
A) Literature review
B) Methodology
C) Results and discussions
D) Introduction
E) Abstract
B) Methodology
_____ is the findings of a study.
A) Literature review
B) Methodology
C) Results and discussions
D) Introduction
E) Abstract
C) Results and discussions
The FDA is part of which Department
The Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS)
Dental hygienists’ role in evaluation
–Treatment driven
–Quality care
–Education of patients
- Patient trust us the most
Dental care products are regulated by the ______ which is housed within the Department of Health and Human Services.
This agency ensures that food, cosmetics, radiation-emitting products, medicines and medical devices are ______
Food and Drug Administration (FDA); safe and effective
The ______ is a voluntary program that offers guidelines for testing and advertising products.
It reviews oral care products and declares them safe, effective for a duration of _____.
ADA Seal of acceptance; 3 years
Dental hygiene recommendations state that product and treatment modalities should be based upon ______ evidence.
This includes includes scientific literature and reported product findings.
It is important to note that a ____ is not always a reliable gauge of safety or effectiveness.
documented; seal
Sales representatives, clinical reports, published peer-reviewed articles, dental hygiene schools, CE courses, and professional organizations are all appropriate for dental care product ____.
research
Questions to Ask When Assessing Scientific Info on Internet
- Who is/are the author(s) of the material? What are the author’s (or authors’) affiliations, qualifications, and biases?
- Is the source peer reviewed or edited?
- Is the site authored by an organization? What are its affiliations, qualifications, and biases?
- What is the domain name? (ie, .gov, .edu, .org, .net, .com, .mil)
- Does the author list sources or citations?
- Can the information be verified elsewhere?
- Does the site reflect a particular bias or viewpoint?
- Are obvious errors in spelling or grammar present?
- Why and for whom was this Web site created?
- Is there advertising on this Web site?
- When was the site first presented and last updated? Has it been revised?
- When was this Web site reviewed by a professional organization?
- Are the links current, good, and helpful? Are any links dead?
- Is the Web site comprehensive?
- Is the site easy to read?
- Is the color easy on the eyes?
- Are the site and the material well organized?
Be aware of what ______ imply or promote to patients. _____ can be found in magazines, movies, infomercials, and billboards.
advertisements; branding
Toothpaste Constituents
Agents Added to Chewing Gums
When evaluating scientific literature it is important to understand the inherent quality in a well-written study, and to know how to assess each part of a study. Practice should be based on ______ and control of evidence.
The method of evaluation depends on the ______ of the studies.
causation; characteristics
Questions to Ask When Judging a Research Report
- When was the work published?
- Where was it published?
- Are the authors’ qualifications appropriate?
- Is the purpose clearly stated?
- Is the experimental design clearly described?
- Have the possible influences on the findings been identified and controls instituted?
- Has the sample been appropriately selected?
- Has the reliability of the scoring been assessed?
- Is the experimental therapy compared appropriately to the control therapy?
- Is the investigation of sufficient duration?
- Is the statistical analysis appropriate to answer the research questions or hypotheses?
- Have the research questions or hypotheses been answered?
- Do the interpretations and conclusion logically follow the experimental findings?
- Provides a clear, concise purpose statement for the research study
- Is a very important component of the study
Introduction
- Provides a brief, detailed outline of the previous research, clinical care standards, landmark studies, and commentaries that impact the study
- Must have current information
- Landmark studies assist in explaining a phenomenon and provide historical context for a disease or treatment.
- Information should be from reputable journals.
Literature Review
_______: describes the methods and materials used for the study. Must contain:
- A sample selection
- A sample size
- Ethical considerations
- A research design
- The product usage
- The quality of the examiners
- The __________
Methodology; statistical significance
𝛼/p value/statistical significance: the probability is likely to happen and less likely to happen by chance.
- Includes the findings of the study and a discussion regarding the study
- Compares the findings with those of other related studies
- Discusses implications for dental hygiene practice, education, and research
- Recommendations or plans for future studies
- Can be published in peer-reviewed publications
Results and discussion
•Journal of Dental Hygiene
•International Journal of Dental Hygiene
–International Journal of Evidence-Based Practice for the Dental Hygienist
- Dimensions in Dental Hygiene
- Dental Health
- Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene
- Journal of Oral Hygiene and Health
What section of a research report states the conclusion of the study and addresses implications, discusses theories that relate to dental hygiene practice–the profession, education, and research, and suggests recommendations for further studies?
Conclusion and recommendations
What section of a research report does this describe?
- Review of the Literature: Approximately 250 words in length.
- Use the headings “Purpose” (purpose), “Methods” (design, subjects, procedures, measurements), “Results” (summary of findings), and “Conclusion.”
- Condenses the purpose of the study, previous findings, the methodology, and results of the discussion into one page or less.
- Reports recommendations of future studies
- Gives an overview of the entire project
Abstract
What section of a research report does this describe?
- Briefly orient the reader to the given subject with an overview of the research problem studied with enough detail to ensure clarity.
Introduction
What section of a research report does this describe?
- Cites a variety of relevant, current studies.
- Compare findings, clearly indicating all sources of concepts and data.
- When a source is quoted, use quotation marks. Note the current status of the topic, and if further study is needed, provide a sound case for it.
- Define the variables, the hypotheses or research objectives, and how this study relates to previous research.
Review of the Literature
What section of a research report does this describe?
- Describe the research instruments, equipment, procedures, and method of data analysis.
- Specify the measurements and statistical tests used as well as their significance.
- Assure the reader that all pertinent federal and state regulations concerning the protection of the rights and welfare of all human and animal subjects have been adhered to.
Methods and Material
What section of a research repor does this describe?
- Summarize all relevant data including statistics and data characteristics.
Results
What section of a research report does this describe?
- Evaluate and interpret the findings.
- Compare them with those of other related studies.
- Discuss study limitations and the study’s implications to dental hygiene practice, education, and research and recommendations/ plans for further study.
Discussion
What section of a research report does this describe?
- State the conclusions, theories, or implications that may be drawn from the study.
- Discuss how they relate to the dental hygiene practice, profession, education, and research.
- Include overall health promotion and disease prevention, clinical and primary care for individuals and groups, and basic and applied science.
Conclusion
