CH13 Indexes Flashcards
*** What word can be used to do define a characteristic of dental indices that are clear, unambiguous and understandable?
Clarity
*** What word can be used to define dental indicies that presents information in a manner that allows the examiner to be able to readily memorize criteria after some practice?
Simplicity
*** What dental indice characteristic is not subject to interpretation?
Objectivity
*** What dental indicie characteristic should measure what is intended?
Validity
*** What characteristic of a dental index describes examiner consistency and calibration are reproducible?
Reliability
*** What characteristic of a dental index has statistics that can be applied?
Quantifiability
*** Small degrees of difference can be detected
Sensitivity
*** A dental indice in which the subjects experience no pain and index expense is minimal is referred to as ___.
Acceptability
*** The ramfjord uses what six teeth for classic epidemiologic studies of periodontal disease?
3, 9, 12, 19, 25, 28
*** Which index uses a modified version of the PI, (uses Ramjford teeth) to assesses the prevalence and severity of gingivitis and periodontitis. This index shows the periodontal status of an individual or a group.
Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)
*** Which type of evaluation method uses face-to-face interviews?
A) Analysis
B) Clinical
C) Nonclinical
D) Assessment
E) None of the above
C) Nonclinical
Quantitative evaluation generally refers to ________.
A) How well a program did
B) How much a program accomplished
C) How many personnel were used
D) Both A and B
E) None of the above
B) How much a program accomplished
*** A dental index should have which characteristic(s)?
A) Sensitivity
B) Quantifiability
C) Objectivity
D) Clarity
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
*** A National Oral Health Surveillance system has been developed based on a set of oral health indicators used by Healthy People 2020.
True
False
True
*** When studying decreases in dental caries experiences, Healthy People 2020 measures the percentage of persons with at least three teeth extracted due to caries.
True
False
False
*** “To prevent and control oral/craniofacial diseases, conditions and injuries and improve access to preventive services and dental care” is the ______.
Healthy People 2020 goal
*** What is an index that measures a condition that can be changed without any evidence of the condition. (ex: dental biofilm)?
Reversible
*** ________ are used to determine the prevalence and incidence of a particular condition occurring within a given population.
These surveys are used to provide baseline data on indicators that show existing dental health status in populations, and provides data and support recommendations for public health interventions to improve the health status or populations.
Epidemiologic Surveys
*** ______ is the consistency of measurement; enhanced by calibration of examiners.
Reliability
*** An _______ index measures conditions that are not able to be changed; in other words, evidence of the condition will remain even after treatment.
(ex: dental caries)
Irreversible
*** ______ is a determination of accuracy and consistency between examiners; affects the reliability of data collection.
Calibration
*** A _______ index measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present.
Cumulative
*** an index that measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present
Cumulative
*** What is a category of indices that measures only the presence or absence of a condition?
Simple
What type of measurement uses proportions, ratios, rates, prevalence and incidence to evaluate a program?
“How much did we do”
Quantitative
What method uses measurements that are attitudes and perceptions to evaluate a program?
“How well did we do”
Qualitative
Which type of dental exam is comprehensive. It includes all tests, is the least commonly used exam in public health, and is not required for epidemiological studies?
Complete Examination, Type 1
Which type of exam is performed with a mouth mirror, explorer, adequate illumination; and exposed posterior bite-wing radiographs & selected periapicals?
This type of diagnostic exam is useful for a public health treatment program but is not required for oral health surveys.
Limited Examination, Type 2
Which exam is the most common type used in public health programs and emplys the use of a mouth mirror, explorer, and adequate illumination.
Inspection Exam, Type 3
*** Measures the presence or absence of a condition or disease
D) Dental index
E) Simple index
F) Basic index
G) Comprehensive index
E) Simple index
*** Measures all evidence of a condition or disease
A) Reversible index
B) Cumulative index
C) Irreversible index
D) Dental index
B) Cumulative index
*** Measures conditions that can be changed
A) Reversible index
B) Cumulative index
C) Irreversible index
D) Dental index
A) Reversible index
*** Measures conditions that will not change
A) Reversible index
B) Cumulative index
C) Irreversible index
D) Dental index
C) Irreversible index
*** Measures conditions that will not change
A) Reversible index
B) Cumulative index
C) Irreversible index
D) Dental index
C) Irreversible index
*** ______ and _____ are the two types of Clinical Methods.
Basic screenings; Epidemiological examinations
Name the six types of Nonclinical Methods.
(TOFFSD)
- Face-to-face personal interviews
- Telephone interviews
- Surveys
- Document analysis
- Focus groups
- Observation
*** _____: internal evaluation of the program, conducted during the planning process
Formative evaluation
*** _______: merit of the program after it has been implemented
Summative evaluation
*** _______ involves non-numerical data and answers the question, “How well did we do?”
Qualitative evaluation
*** _________ measures are reported numerically as a quantity or amount and answers the question, “How much did we do?”
Quantitative evaluation
*** A Complete Exam is classified as _____ and is a comprehensive exam and is the ____ commonly used in public health.
Type 1; least
*** A Limited Examination is classified as a ____ exam and is performed on an _____ using a mouth mirror, explorer, adequate illumination. Includes *radiographs (BWX, PA’s etc.)*
Type 2; Individual
*** The most common type used in public health programs is the ____ inspection which employs a mouth mirror, explorer, and adequate illumination.
Type 3
*** The least valid type of examination is a ____ screening which use a tongue depressor and available illumination. Produces the largest number of false negatives.
Type 4
What does the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) Rating Scale assess?
the extent of plaque and debris
How many surfaces of tooth B are disclosed?
How many surfaces of tooth C are disclosed?
B is 3 points
C is 1 point
The purpose of this index is to measure existing plaque and/or calculus, measures oral cleanliness.
Oral Hygiene Index (OHI)
Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S)
What type of index does this represent?
Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) and Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S)
Which index uses unwaxed floss?
Assess the area after ____ seconds.
Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI); 30
Which index uses a wooden interdental cleaner?
Assess the area after ____ seconds.
Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI); 15
Which index is used to locate areas of gingival sulcus bleeding upon gentle probing?
Sulcular Bleeding Index (SBI) Scoring Criteria
Which index assesses severity of gingivitis by sweeping a probe along the facial, lingual, mesial, and distal aspects of each tooth?
Gingival Index (GI)
Which index measures periodontal disease in populations based on the clinical exam alone or combined with radiographic evaluation?
This index looks at deposits and pocket depth
Periodontal Index (PI)
The _____ classifies individual or group periodontal treatment needs quickly and efficiently. Gingival recession does not result in a higher score, but it does get an asterisk for periodontal involvement. This scoring criteria goes together with the ___ status.
Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN);
Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR)
As soon as it covers the black band the measurement is ______.
2) The internal evaluation of a program is referred to as the ________.
A) Quality control evaluation
B) Formative evaluation
C) Assessment force
D) Summative evaluation
E) All of the above
B) Formative evaluation
The focus on evaluation should occur during which stage of the program?
A) Evaluation
B) Assessment
C) Implementation
D) Planning
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
What is the numerical value describing the status of a given population?
A) Dental category
B) Dental screening
C) Dental exam
D) Dental index
E) Both A and C
D) Dental index
Which teeth are included in the “Ramfjord teeth”?
A) #1
B) #3
C) #12
D) Both B and C
E) All of the above
D) Both B and C
Which is (are) included as (an) area(s) of oral health evaluation?
A) Tooth loss
B) Dental caries
C) Access to care
D) Both B and C
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
Evaluation should be measured by achieving the set ________.
A) Objectives
B) Priorities
C) Needs assessment
D) Quality standards
E) None of the above
A) Objectives
Revisions to a program should occur ________.
A) During the assessment phase
B) During the evaluation phase
C) Before a program has commenced
D) Continually
E) None of the above
D) Continually
Which term(s) indicate(s) that an index uses the “Ramfjord teeth”?
A) Simplified
B) M
C) S
D) Both B and C
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
What kind of flourosis does this represent?
Mild
(Brown flecks)
What level of fluorosis does this represent?
Questionable
White flecks are present
If you had a tooth that had restoration and caries?
F (illed)
The Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) is an index used when studying which type of oral hygiene intervention?
A) Fluoride
B) Floss
C) Polishing product
D) Sealants
E) None of the above
B) Floss
The Treatment Priority Index assesses ________.
A) Malocclusion
B) Restorative marginations
C) Gingival marginations
D) Both A and B
E) None of the above
A) Malocclusion
The Patient Hygiene Performance Index (PHP) assesses the extent of ________.
A) Plaque and debris
B) Gingival inflammation
C) Plaque
D) Gingival bleeding
E) All of the above
A) Plaque and debris
______ rates define how many NEW cases are seen.
Incidence
_____ rates defines the TOTAL number of cases at a given time.
Prevalence rates
_____ refers to the number of new cases of disease that occur during a certain period of time.
Incidence
______ is an expression of clinical observations in numerical values.
Index
The _______ is a periodontal screening index that monitors individual or group periodontal tx needs.
CPI (Community Periodontal Index)
The ______ uses a sweeping motion of the dental probe to determine one aspect of gingival health.
GI (Gingival Index)
The _____ determines caries experience in adult dentition.
DMFT
An ____ is a factor that is measured and analyzed to describe health status.
Indicator
When something is ____ is measures what it is intended to measure.
Valid
______ index is an index that measures fluorosis using five catergories:
0-Normal
1-Questionable
2-Very Mild: less than 25% tooth surface
3-Mild: less than 50% tooth surface
4-Moderate: significant changes, may have brown stains
5-Severe: widespread, significant hypoplasia, pitting, brown areas, etc.
Dean’s
The _____ uses unwaxed dental floss to determine areas of interproximal gingival bleeding.
GBI (Gingival Bleeding Index)
What assess thickness of dental biofilm at the gingival area?
PLI (plaque index)
_______ is the systematic collection of oral health data for use in planning public health programs.
Surveillance
The Periodontal Screening Index, used for individual patients, is designed to indicate the periodontal status in a rapid and effective manner. It motivates the patient to seek the necessary complete periodontal assessment and tx.
PSR
_______ refers to a brief initial exam for an individual or an assessment of many individuals to determine a certain characteristic in a population.
Screening
______ indicies are used to assess the presence of inflammation in the interdental area as indicated by the presence or absence of bleeding.
**uses a triangular wooden interdental cleaner to identify areas of interproximal bleeding.
EIBI (Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index)
The _____ index uses a standardized probing technique to locate areas of gingival bleeding.
The areas examined: 4 gingival units (labial and lingual marginal gingiva (M units) and mesial and distal papillary gingiva (P units))
SBI (Sulcus Bleeding Index)
_______combines a debris score and a calculus score using specific surfaces of six teeth.
**use an explorer to estimate surface area covered by supragingival calculus deposits. Identify subgingival deposits by exploring and/or probing.
OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index)
_____ is the total number of cases of some disease or condition in a given population
Prevalence
What is a more sensitive index that measures dental caries experience on surfaces of adult teeth?
DMFS
What is used to record the presence of dental biofilm on individual tooth surfaces to permit the patient to visualize progress while learning biofilm control?
Biofilm Control Record
What is used to determine the location, number, and percentage of biofilm-free surfaces for individual motivation and instruction. Interdental bleeding can also be documented?
Biofilm-Free Score
What is used to assess the extent of biofilm and debris over the facial surfaces of the incisors and maxillary molars and the lingual surfaces of the mandibular molars.
**Debris is defined for the PHP as soft foreign material consisting of dental biofilm, materia alba, and food debris loosely attached to tooth surfaces**
PHP (Patient Hygiene Performance)
to determine the dental caries experience for the primary teeth present in the oral cavity by evaluating teeth or surfaces
df and def
to determine dental caries experience for children. only primary teeth are evaluated
dmf
What is used to provide case definitions that determine dental caries experience of children 5 years of age or younger?
ECC (early childhood caries)
List the fluorosis incidies covered in community class?
Deans Index
Tooth Surface Inde of Flurosis (TSIF)
List the dental caries indicies covered in community class?
DMFT/S
deft/s
List the periodontal indicies covered in community class.
Periodontal Index (PI)
Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)
Periodontal Screening & Recording (PSR)
Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN)
List the gingivitis indicies covered in community class.
Gingival Index (GI)
Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI)
Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI)
Sulcular Bleeding Index (SBI)
List the oral hygiene indicies covered in community class.
Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP)
OHI/ OHI-(S)implified
Plaque Index (PL-I)
When would you come up with how you want to evlauate?
During the planning process
Evaluation techniques that include questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and direct observations are considered to be ______.
Nonclinical
An internal evaluation of the program processes, conducted during the planning process is called a ________ evaluation.
Formative evaluation
What level of flurosis does this represent?
Very mild
What level of fluorisis does this represent?
Moderate
An examination of a programs merit after if has been implemented is refered to as a _______ evaluation.
Summative evaluation
Which type of exam is the least valid type used? It uses a tongue depressora and available illumination and produces the largest number of false negatives.
Not very diagnostic
Screening, Type 4
A _____ refers to the precess of using a particular method to gauge or evaluate something.
measurement
______ can be performed quickly using a tongue blade and dental mirror, whereas _____ consist of detailed visual-tractile assessment of the oral cavity with dental instruments, a dental mirror and a dental light.
Basic examiniation; epidemiologic examination
If a child has mixed dentition you would use both the primary and permanent teeth indicies but they SHOULD NOT be _____, they are used seperately.
combined
Designed to compare diseases before and after treatment or program implementation
A) Reversible index
B) Cumulative index
C) Irreversible index
D) Dental index
D) Dental index
