CH13 Indexes Flashcards
*** What word can be used to do define a characteristic of dental indices that are clear, unambiguous and understandable?
Clarity
*** What word can be used to define dental indicies that presents information in a manner that allows the examiner to be able to readily memorize criteria after some practice?
Simplicity
*** What dental indice characteristic is not subject to interpretation?
Objectivity
*** What dental indicie characteristic should measure what is intended?
Validity
*** What characteristic of a dental index describes examiner consistency and calibration are reproducible?
Reliability
*** What characteristic of a dental index has statistics that can be applied?
Quantifiability
*** Small degrees of difference can be detected
Sensitivity
*** A dental indice in which the subjects experience no pain and index expense is minimal is referred to as ___.
Acceptability
*** The ramfjord uses what six teeth for classic epidemiologic studies of periodontal disease?
3, 9, 12, 19, 25, 28
*** Which index uses a modified version of the PI, (uses Ramjford teeth) to assesses the prevalence and severity of gingivitis and periodontitis. This index shows the periodontal status of an individual or a group.
Periodontal Disease Index (PDI)
*** Which type of evaluation method uses face-to-face interviews?
A) Analysis
B) Clinical
C) Nonclinical
D) Assessment
E) None of the above
C) Nonclinical
Quantitative evaluation generally refers to ________.
A) How well a program did
B) How much a program accomplished
C) How many personnel were used
D) Both A and B
E) None of the above
B) How much a program accomplished
*** A dental index should have which characteristic(s)?
A) Sensitivity
B) Quantifiability
C) Objectivity
D) Clarity
E) All of the above
E) All of the above
*** A National Oral Health Surveillance system has been developed based on a set of oral health indicators used by Healthy People 2020.
True
False
True
*** When studying decreases in dental caries experiences, Healthy People 2020 measures the percentage of persons with at least three teeth extracted due to caries.
True
False
False
*** “To prevent and control oral/craniofacial diseases, conditions and injuries and improve access to preventive services and dental care” is the ______.
Healthy People 2020 goal
*** What is an index that measures a condition that can be changed without any evidence of the condition. (ex: dental biofilm)?
Reversible
*** ________ are used to determine the prevalence and incidence of a particular condition occurring within a given population.
These surveys are used to provide baseline data on indicators that show existing dental health status in populations, and provides data and support recommendations for public health interventions to improve the health status or populations.
Epidemiologic Surveys
*** ______ is the consistency of measurement; enhanced by calibration of examiners.
Reliability
*** An _______ index measures conditions that are not able to be changed; in other words, evidence of the condition will remain even after treatment.
(ex: dental caries)
Irreversible
*** ______ is a determination of accuracy and consistency between examiners; affects the reliability of data collection.
Calibration
*** A _______ index measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present.
Cumulative
*** an index that measures all the evidence of a condition, past and present
Cumulative
*** What is a category of indices that measures only the presence or absence of a condition?
Simple
What type of measurement uses proportions, ratios, rates, prevalence and incidence to evaluate a program?
“How much did we do”
Quantitative
What method uses measurements that are attitudes and perceptions to evaluate a program?
“How well did we do”
Qualitative
Which type of dental exam is comprehensive. It includes all tests, is the least commonly used exam in public health, and is not required for epidemiological studies?
Complete Examination, Type 1
Which type of exam is performed with a mouth mirror, explorer, adequate illumination; and exposed posterior bite-wing radiographs & selected periapicals?
This type of diagnostic exam is useful for a public health treatment program but is not required for oral health surveys.
Limited Examination, Type 2
Which exam is the most common type used in public health programs and emplys the use of a mouth mirror, explorer, and adequate illumination.
Inspection Exam, Type 3
*** Measures the presence or absence of a condition or disease
D) Dental index
E) Simple index
F) Basic index
G) Comprehensive index
E) Simple index
*** Measures all evidence of a condition or disease
A) Reversible index
B) Cumulative index
C) Irreversible index
D) Dental index
B) Cumulative index
*** Measures conditions that can be changed
A) Reversible index
B) Cumulative index
C) Irreversible index
D) Dental index
A) Reversible index
*** Measures conditions that will not change
A) Reversible index
B) Cumulative index
C) Irreversible index
D) Dental index
C) Irreversible index
*** Measures conditions that will not change
A) Reversible index
B) Cumulative index
C) Irreversible index
D) Dental index
C) Irreversible index
*** ______ and _____ are the two types of Clinical Methods.
Basic screenings; Epidemiological examinations
Name the six types of Nonclinical Methods.
(TOFFSD)
- Face-to-face personal interviews
- Telephone interviews
- Surveys
- Document analysis
- Focus groups
- Observation
*** _____: internal evaluation of the program, conducted during the planning process
Formative evaluation
*** _______: merit of the program after it has been implemented
Summative evaluation
*** _______ involves non-numerical data and answers the question, “How well did we do?”
Qualitative evaluation
*** _________ measures are reported numerically as a quantity or amount and answers the question, “How much did we do?”
Quantitative evaluation
*** A Complete Exam is classified as _____ and is a comprehensive exam and is the ____ commonly used in public health.
Type 1; least
*** A Limited Examination is classified as a ____ exam and is performed on an _____ using a mouth mirror, explorer, adequate illumination. Includes *radiographs (BWX, PA’s etc.)*
Type 2; Individual
*** The most common type used in public health programs is the ____ inspection which employs a mouth mirror, explorer, and adequate illumination.
Type 3
*** The least valid type of examination is a ____ screening which use a tongue depressor and available illumination. Produces the largest number of false negatives.
Type 4
What does the Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) Rating Scale assess?
the extent of plaque and debris