CH15 Ethical Principles in Research Flashcards
Bioethics, an important aspect of conducting research, refers to the inherent role of ethics in health care and the established norms that distinguish between morally acceptable and unacceptable research practices.
A) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.
C) Both statements are true.
‘To do no harm’
Nonmaleficence
‘Remove existing harm’
Beneficence
‘Ability to govern one’s profession and respect for others’
Autonomy
‘Doing what provider thinks is right’
Paternalism
‘Provide patients what is owed, due or deserved’
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Justice
‘Being honest’
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Veracity
Health care provider’s first obligation to the patient is to do no harm, what does this describe?
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Nonmaleficence
Requires that existing harm be removed
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Beneficence
Ability to govern one’s profession and to basically be self-determined and directed as a profession.
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Autonomy
What involves dental hygiene researcher doing what he or she thinks is best for the patient according to his or her ability and judgment.
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Paternalism
Providing patients, test subjects, or populations with what is owed, due, or deserved represents ______.
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Justice
Can be defined simply as being honest
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Veracity
The Nuremberg Code was a result of ________.
A) The absence of research protocol from a university
B) A trial that was run without due process
C) War crimes trials
D) Universal report that was developed in the early 21st century
C) War crimes trials
Informed consent, another ethical consideration, requires educating a subject in a research study about the study’s purpose, duration, experimental procedures, alternatives, risks, and benefits.
True
False
True
When research involves human subjects, an informed consent must be obtained because subjects should always understand the research in which they are participating.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
C) The statement is correct but the reason is NOT.
D) The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E) NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
The Tuskegee Syphilis study was conducted by which institution?
A) FDA
B) CDC
C) US PHS
D) FTC
C) US PHS
The most compelling ethical dilemma with the Tuskegee Study was which of the following?
A) Did not make the study consent available in all languages
B) Plagiarism of test results
C) Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available
D) Researchers became too close with subjects
Answer: C
C) Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available
The most compelling ethical dilemma with the Tuskegee Study was which of the following?
A) Did not make the study consent available in all languages
B) Plagiarism of test results
C) Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available
D) Researchers became too close with subjects
C) Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available
Ethical behavior in research may be described as what is ________.
A) Right
B) Legal
C) Fair
D) Both A and B
E) all of the above
E) all of the above
Ethics, in a “nutshell,” is about doing the right thing.
True
False
True
As a result of the Belmont Report, medical research became a slow, laborious process with many checks and balances to protect human subjects.
True
False
False
The Belmont Report describes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Identified principles include which of the following?
A) Respect for persons
B) Specific guidelines for war
C) Roles of institutions
D) None of the above
A) Respect for persons
(As well as beneficence and justice)
Research misconduct may include ________.
A) Plagiarism
B) Copyright or patent infringement
C) Falsifying or fabricating data
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
Participants must be ____ to participate or not, and to _____ at any time for any reason.
free; withdraw
_________ requires that a subject in a research study be educated about the study’s purpose, duration, experimental procedures, alternatives, risks, and benefits.
Established to safeguard health information.
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Informed consent
What act adds to the confidentiality of patient records?
A) HIPPO
B) HIPAA
C) IRB
D) BEG
E) Both A and B
B) HIPAA
(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
When a covered entity conducts clinical research involving protected health information (PHI), dental hygienists-investigators must understand the HIPAA privacy rules’ restrictions on the use and disclosure of patients’ PHI, such as information from a patient’s medical chart or test results, as well as an individual’s billing information for medical services rendered, when that information is held or transmitted by an entity. PHI also includes identifiable health information about subjects of clinical research gathered by a researcher who is a health care provider.
A) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.
C) Both statements are true.
Institutions that conduct medical research usually have an entity known as the HIPAA.
True
False
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False
Government entities such as the state department review research conducted in the private sector.
True
False
False
- This organization is in charge of reviewing the ethical implications of a research study.
- It assures that the rights and safety of the research subjects are respected and protected.
- The IRB protects the institution and the researchers against lawsuits and helps to assure that the results of the research will not be flawed should the research be ethically unsound.
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