CH16 Research Flashcards
Selection bias
A) Random sampling
B) Systemic
C) Convenience
D) Judgmental
E) Cross section of population
D) Judgmental
Every nth person
A) Random sampling
B) Systemic
C) Convenience
D) Judgmental
E) Cross section of population
B) Systemic
Which type of research approach would involve a study of the development of the International Federation of Dental Hygienists’ Association?
A) Case study
B) Historical
C) Descriptive
D) Ex post facto
E) Both A and B
B) Historical
Which type of study looks backwards at a group to investigates existing differences to determine possible causes?
A) experimental
B) ex post facto or retrospective
C) correlational
D) quasi-experimental
E) none of the above
B) ex post facto or retrospective
A study that uses questionnaires, opinionnaires, interviews, and indexes is called a ________.
A) Survey
B) Document analysis
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Developmental
E) None of the above
A) Survey
Each participant has an equal chance of being selected.
A) Random sampling
B) Systemic
C) Convenience
D) Judgmental
E) Cross section of population
A) Random sampling
Which type of approach describes and interprets current events or situations?
A) Ex post facto
B) Descriptive
C) Case cohort
D) Case control
E) None of the above
B) Descriptive
A study in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is using a product or placebo is termed ____________.
Blind study
Who ever is readily available
A) Random sampling
B) Systemic
C) Convenience
D) Judgmental
E) Cross section of population
C) Convenience
The dependent variable is based upon the value of another.
True
False
True
- Correlation is a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things. But just because two quantities are correlated does not necessarily mean that one is directly causing the other to change. Correlation does not imply causation.
- In order to establish cause-and-effect, we need to go beyond the statistics and look for separate evidence (of a scientific or historical nature) and logical reasoning
- DON’T BELIEVE EVERYTHING YOU READ
Correlation does not imply causation.
A study in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is using a product or placebo is termed ________.
A) Double-blind
B) Blind
C) Cross-over
D) Double cross-over
E) None of the above
A) Double-blind
A ______ study is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population at a specific point in time.
A) Case report
B) Descriptive approach
C) Case study
D) Cross-sectional
E) Cohort
Example:
Time: Both these measurements are recorded in 1990
Exposure: Exposure to smoking cigarets
Outcome: Measurement of health due to smoking
D) Cross-sectional
A survey fits into this approach
A) Case report
B) Descriptive approach
C) Case study
D) Historical approach
E) Cohort
B) Descriptive approach
Which study approximates the true experimental approach but lacks the control of true experimentation?
A) Survey
B) Quasi-experimental
C) Clinical
D) Retroactive
E) None of the above
B) Quasi-experimental
A report about a small group of people
A) Case report
B) Descriptive approach
C) Case study
D) Historical approach
E) Cohort
A) Case report
A study that compares two groups of people: those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls).
A) experimental
B) ex post facto or retrospective
C) correlational
D) quasi-experimental
E) none of the above
B) ex post facto or retrospective
Neither the participant or the researchers know who received the placebo, most studies done this way, helps to avoid bias.
Double-blind study
Which approach measures the relationship between variables?
A) Correlational
B) Experimental
C) Ex post facto
D) Case control
E) All of the above
A) Correlational
Which type of study is an in-depth report on a single person, group, event, or situation?
A) Quasi-experimental
B) Correlational
C) Case study
D) Experimental
E) None of the above
C) Case study
Which approach studies the meaning of past events?
A) Case study
B) Case control
C) Descriptive
D) Historical
E) All of the above
D) Historical
In an experiment to test how the amount of sunlight affects the growth of radishes. The dependent variable is the amount of sunlight each plant receives.
True
False
False
In an experiment to test the effect a gasoline additive has on gas mileage in a car. The amount of additive per gallon is the independent variable.
True
False
True
A study is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population over an extended period of time.
A) Case report
B) Descriptive approach
C) Case study
D) Cross-sectional
E) Cohort
- Example:
- Time: Exposure measured in 1990, Outcome measured 2006
- Exposure: Exposure to smoking cigarets
Outcome: Measurement of health due to smoking
E) Cohort
A _____ is used in experimental research, used in control groups, may be no treatment or “sugar pill”; 15-35% of subjects improve w/ placebo; This is a testament to the multifactorial nature of disease & also to the human mind’s ability to provoke physiological change.
Placebo
A specific incidence of disease in one person
A) Case report
B) Descriptive approach
C) Case study
D) Historical approach
E) Cohort
C) Case study
One population group with a common characteristic
A) Case report
B) Descriptive approach
C) Case study
D) Historical approach
E) Cohort
E) Cohort
The entire population should be equally represented, w/ regard to gender, age, race & ethnicity
A) Random sampling
B) Systemic
C) Convenience
D) Judgmental
E) Cross section of population
E) Cross section of population
An investigation that studies the frequency of flossing and periodontal disease is called a ________.
A) Correlational study
B) Survey
C) Trend
D) Case study
E) All of the above
A) Correlational study
Designed to determine the meaning of past events
A) Case report
B) Descriptive approach
C) Case study
D) Historical approach
E) Cohort
D) Historical approach
The attempt to identify and describe the topic being researched is ________.
A) Objective
B) Analytic
C) Descriptive
D) Subjective
E) All of the above
C) Descriptive
A small version of a proposed study is called a ________.
A) Case study
B) Pilot study
C) Controlled study
D) Pivotal study
E) Both A and C
B) Pilot study
Which type of research studies the same population over an extended period of time?
A) Case control
B) Longitudinal study
C) Correlational study
D) Survey
E) Both A and B
B) Longitudinal study
Which study tries to investigate cause-and-effect relationships and involves manipulation of variables?
A) Trend
B) Experimental
C) Correlational
D) Survey
E) All of the above
B) Experimental
Which type of research, for example, considers the effect of intraoral sodium bicarbonate rinses on the periodontal ligament of laboratory rats?
A) Case study
B) Case control
C) Experimental
D) Correlational
E) None of the above
C) Experimental
In a _______ participants do not know if they received the placebo.
Blind study
