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Community DEH2701 > CH16 Research > Flashcards

CH16 Research Flashcards

1
Q

Selection bias

A) Random sampling

B) Systemic

C) Convenience

D) Judgmental

E) Cross section of population

A

D) Judgmental

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2
Q

Every nth person

A) Random sampling

B) Systemic

C) Convenience

D) Judgmental

E) Cross section of population

A

B) Systemic

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3
Q

Which type of research approach would involve a study of the development of the International Federation of Dental Hygienists’ Association?

A) Case study

B) Historical

C) Descriptive

D) Ex post facto

E) Both A and B

A

B) Historical

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4
Q

Which type of study looks backwards at a group to investigates existing differences to determine possible causes?

A) experimental
B) ex post facto or retrospective
C) correlational
D) quasi-experimental
E) none of the above

A

B) ex post facto or retrospective

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5
Q

A study that uses questionnaires, opinionnaires, interviews, and indexes is called a ________.

A) Survey

B) Document analysis

C) Quasi-experimental

D) Developmental

E) None of the above

A

A) Survey

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6
Q

Each participant has an equal chance of being selected.

A) Random sampling

B) Systemic

C) Convenience

D) Judgmental

E) Cross section of population

A

A) Random sampling

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7
Q

Which type of approach describes and interprets current events or situations?

A) Ex post facto

B) Descriptive

C) Case cohort

D) Case control

E) None of the above

A

B) Descriptive

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8
Q

A study in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is using a product or placebo is termed ____________.

A

Blind study

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9
Q

Who ever is readily available

A) Random sampling

B) Systemic

C) Convenience

D) Judgmental

E) Cross section of population

A

C) Convenience

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10
Q

The dependent variable is based upon the value of another.

True

False

A

True

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11
Q
  • Correlation is a mutual relationship or connection between two or more things. But just because two quantities are correlated does not necessarily mean that one is directly causing the other to change. Correlation does not imply causation.
  • In order to establish cause-and-effect, we need to go beyond the statistics and look for separate evidence (of a scientific or historical nature) and logical reasoning
  • DON’T BELIEVE EVERYTHING YOU READ
A

Correlation does not imply causation.

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12
Q

A study in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows who is using a product or placebo is termed ________.

A) Double-blind

B) Blind

C) Cross-over

D) Double cross-over

E) None of the above

A

A) Double-blind

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13
Q

A ______ study is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population at a specific point in time.

A) Case report

B) Descriptive approach

C) Case study

D) Cross-sectional

E) Cohort

Example:

Time: Both these measurements are recorded in 1990

Exposure: Exposure to smoking cigarets

Outcome: Measurement of health due to smoking

A

D) Cross-sectional

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14
Q

A survey fits into this approach

A) Case report

B) Descriptive approach

C) Case study

D) Historical approach

E) Cohort

A

B) Descriptive approach

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15
Q

Which study approximates the true experimental approach but lacks the control of true experimentation?

A) Survey

B) Quasi-experimental

C) Clinical

D) Retroactive

E) None of the above

A

B) Quasi-experimental

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16
Q

A report about a small group of people

A) Case report

B) Descriptive approach

C) Case study

D) Historical approach

E) Cohort

A

A) Case report

17
Q

A study that compares two groups of people: those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls).

A) experimental
B) ex post facto or retrospective
C) correlational
D) quasi-experimental
E) none of the above

A

B) ex post facto or retrospective

18
Q

Neither the participant or the researchers know who received the placebo, most studies done this way, helps to avoid bias.

A

Double-blind study

19
Q

Which approach measures the relationship between variables?

A) Correlational

B) Experimental

C) Ex post facto

D) Case control

E) All of the above

A

A) Correlational

20
Q

Which type of study is an in-depth report on a single person, group, event, or situation?

A) Quasi-experimental

B) Correlational

C) Case study

D) Experimental

E) None of the above

A

C) Case study

21
Q

Which approach studies the meaning of past events?

A) Case study

B) Case control

C) Descriptive

D) Historical

E) All of the above

A

D) Historical

22
Q

In an experiment to test how the amount of sunlight affects the growth of radishes. The dependent variable is the amount of sunlight each plant receives.

True

False

A

False

23
Q

In an experiment to test the effect a gasoline additive has on gas mileage in a car. The amount of additive per gallon is the independent variable.

True

False

A

True

24
Q

A study is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population over an extended period of time.

A) Case report

B) Descriptive approach

C) Case study

D) Cross-sectional

E) Cohort

  • Example:
  • Time: Exposure measured in 1990, Outcome measured 2006
  • Exposure: Exposure to smoking cigarets

Outcome: Measurement of health due to smoking

A

E) Cohort

25
Q

A _____ is used in experimental research, used in control groups, may be no treatment or “sugar pill”; 15-35% of subjects improve w/ placebo; This is a testament to the multifactorial nature of disease & also to the human mind’s ability to provoke physiological change.

A

Placebo

26
Q

A specific incidence of disease in one person

A) Case report

B) Descriptive approach

C) Case study

D) Historical approach

E) Cohort

A

C) Case study

27
Q

One population group with a common characteristic

A) Case report

B) Descriptive approach

C) Case study

D) Historical approach

E) Cohort

A

E) Cohort

28
Q

The entire population should be equally represented, w/ regard to gender, age, race & ethnicity

A) Random sampling

B) Systemic

C) Convenience

D) Judgmental

E) Cross section of population

A

E) Cross section of population

29
Q

An investigation that studies the frequency of flossing and periodontal disease is called a ________.

A) Correlational study

B) Survey

C) Trend

D) Case study

E) All of the above

A

A) Correlational study

30
Q

Designed to determine the meaning of past events

A) Case report

B) Descriptive approach

C) Case study

D) Historical approach

E) Cohort

A

D) Historical approach

31
Q

The attempt to identify and describe the topic being researched is ________.

A) Objective

B) Analytic

C) Descriptive

D) Subjective

E) All of the above

A

C) Descriptive

32
Q

A small version of a proposed study is called a ________.

A) Case study

B) Pilot study

C) Controlled study

D) Pivotal study

E) Both A and C

A

B) Pilot study

33
Q

Which type of research studies the same population over an extended period of time?

A) Case control

B) Longitudinal study

C) Correlational study

D) Survey

E) Both A and B

A

B) Longitudinal study

34
Q

Which study tries to investigate cause-and-effect relationships and involves manipulation of variables?

A) Trend

B) Experimental

C) Correlational

D) Survey

E) All of the above

A

B) Experimental

35
Q

Which type of research, for example, considers the effect of intraoral sodium bicarbonate rinses on the periodontal ligament of laboratory rats?

A) Case study

B) Case control

C) Experimental

D) Correlational

E) None of the above

A

C) Experimental

36
Q

In a _______ participants do not know if they received the placebo.

A

Blind study

Community DEH2701 (23 decks)

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