CH.2: Perception, Personality, & Emotions

Question 1

Process by which indiviuduals organize &interpret their impressions to give meaning to their environment

Answer 1

Perception

Question 2

perception is important because

Answer 2

behavior is based on perception of what reality is, not on reality itself

Question 3

What factors influence perception?

Answer 3

• The Perceiver (interprets what he/ she sees of target- attitudes, motives, interests, experience, and expectations)
• The Target (Novelty, motion, sounds, size, background& proximity)
• the Situation (context in which we see objects/ events- time, work setting, social setting)

Question 4

determining if a behavior is internally (control of individual) or externally caused (result of outside causes)

Answer 4

Attribution theory

Question 5

3 rules of attribution theory

Answer 5

• Distinctiveness (if person acts the same in every situation)
• Consensus (If person acts the same as others in the same situation)
• Consistency (if person acts the same way over time)

Question 6

underestimating external factors & overestimating internal when making judgments about others’ behavior.

Answer 6

Fundamental attribution error

Question 7

tendency to attribute 1’s successes to internal factors & put blame for failures on external

Answer 7

Self- serving bias

Question 8

selective interpretation by ppl on what they see based on their interests, background, experience, & attitudes

Answer 8

Selective perception

Question 9

drawing a general impression on someone based on a single characteristic

Answer 9

Halo effect

Question 10

drawing a general impression on someone based on a single characteristic

Answer 10

Contrast effects

Question 11

attributing our own characteristics to other people

Answer 11

Projection

Question 12

judging someone on basis of our perception of the group to which he/she belongs

Answer 12

Stereotyping

Question 13

dislike of person/group based on their stereotyped group

Answer 13

Prejudice

Question 14

Perceptions & Judgment matter in the workplace b/c of

Answer 14

• performance expectations
• evaluations
• employment interviews

Question 15

proposes a person will behave consistently with how he/she is perceived

Answer 15

Self- fulfilling prophecy

Question 16

stable patterns of behavior& consistent internal states determining how someone reacts to& interacts with others

Answer 16

Personality

Question 17

Personality determinants

Answer 17

• Heredity( factors determined at conception)
• Environmental Factors
• Situational Conditions

Question 18

Enduring characteristics describing an individual’s behaviour

Answer 18

Personality traits

Question 19

Personality test that determines how ppl typically act/ feel in certain situations

Answer 19

Myers Briggs type indicator

Question 20

Classifications of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Answer 20

Perceiving/ Judging
Extroverted/Introverted
Sensing/ Intuitive
Thinking/ Feeling

Question 21

The Big Five Personality Model

Answer 21

Extraversion (comfortability with others), Agreeableness
Conscientiousness(reliability)
Emotional Stability (withstand stress)
Openness to Experience

Question 22

differing in the degree in which they like/dislike themselves & if they see themselves as effective, capable, & in control on own envt= ppl w. (+) core- self evaluations do better due to ambitious goals, & commitment

Answer 22

Core- self evaluations

Question 23

they are pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, & believes that ends can justify means

Answer 23

Machiavellianism

Question 24

tendency to be arrogant, have grandiose sense of importance, yearns for admiration, & have sense of entitlement- thinking they are better leaders

Answer 24

Narcissism

Question 25

person’s ability to adjust their behavior based on external, situational factors. Therefore high self- monitors pay closer attention to others’ behavior

Answer 25

Self- monitoring

Question 26

person’s willingness to take chances

Answer 26

Risk- taking

Question 27

Type A

Answer 27

• moves, walks, & eats rushed
• impatient
• a multitasker
• dislikes leisure time
• obsessed w. #s, measuring success in terms of how many/how much of everything is acquired

Question 28

Type B

Answer 28

• not under urgency
• no need to display/talk about achievements/ accomplishments
• has fun, & relaxes w.out guilt

Question 29

someone who identifies opportunities, shows initiatives, takes action, & perseveres until meaningful change occurs

Answer 29

Proactive personality

Question 30

Intense feelings directed at someone/ something

Answer 30

Emotions

Question 31

Feelings that are less intense than emotions lacking contextual stimulus

Answer 31

Moods

Question 32

employee’s expression of organizationally desired emotions while at work

Answer 32

Emotional Labour

Question 33

when employees react emotionally to things that happen to them at work, influencing their job performance & satisfaction

Answer 33

Affective events theory

Question 34

person’s ability to be

• self aware of their own emotions
• detect emotions in others
• manage emotional cues & info

Answer 34

Emotional Intelligence

Question 35

inconsistencies b/w emotions ppl feel & emotions showed

Answer 35

Emotional dissonance

Question 36

Difference b/w Surface acting and Deep acting

Answer 36

Surface acting deals with one’s displayed emotions &

Deep acting deals with one’s felt emotions

Question 37

Voluntary actions violating established norms, threatening the organization, its members, or both

Answer 37

Employee deviance