CH. 7: Communication Flashcards
Transfer & understanding of a message b/w 2+ ppl
Communication
Sender and Receiver
- Sender: Est. msg, encodes msg, & chooses channel to send it
- Receiver: Decodes msg & provides feedback to sender
Formal vs. Informal channels
Formal channels- follow authority chain w/in organization & transmit msgs related to professional activities of members
Informal channels: personal/ soc. msgs–> spontaneous & emerge as response to individual choices
Encoding, Decoding, Message,Channel, Noise, Feedback
E: converting msg–> symbolic form
D: Interpreting sender’s msg
M: What is communicated
C: Medium through which a msg travels
N: Communication barriers distorting msg clarity
F: success in msg transfer- understanding achieved?
undue tension& anxiety about oral communication, written comm. or both
Communication apprehension
Rich channels have ability to
- handle multiple simultaneous cues
- facilitate rapid feedback
- be very personal
Barriers to Effective Communication
- Filtering
- Selective Perception (receiver sees/hears selectively)
- Defensiveness
- Emotions
- Info. Overload
- Language
- Silence
- Nonverbal Communication
- Proxemics (study of phys. space in interpersonal rtnships)
When Communicating under stress:
- Speak Clearly
- Be aware of nonverbal part of communicating
- Think before you state things
Task- related communications that follow authority chain, typically vertical
Formal Networks
communications flowing along social & relational lines
- uncontrolled by management, perceived more believable & reliable by most employees, & used to serve self- interests of ppl w/in it
The Grapevine- Informal network
3 Common formal small- group networks
Chain, Wheel, & All- Channel
Electronic Communications
Email, Txt msg/Instang msg, & Social Networks
Cultural Barriers to Communication
- semantics (diff word meanings to diff. ppl)
- word connotations (words imply diff. things in diff. lang)
- tonal differences
Rely heavily on nonverbal & subtle situational cues in communication
High- context culture
rely on words for meaning in communication
Low- context cultures
The final link in the communication process- puts the message back into the system as a check against misunderstandings
Feedback loop
When a sender manipulates info so that the receiver will view it more favourably
Filtering
Receivers in communication process selectively see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background, & other personal characteristics
Selective Perception
The state of having more info than one can process
Information overload
Upward vs. Downward communication
Upward communication flows to a higher lvl in the group/ organization, while Downward flows from one level of group/ org. to a lower level
study of physical space in interpersonal relationships
Proxemics
Messages conveyed through body movements, facial expressions & physical distance b/w sender and receiver
Nonverbal communication
