CH17 - PhyCogDev L.Adulthood

Question 1

this term refers to the gradual, inevitable process of bodily deterioration throughout the life span.

Answer 1

primary aging

Question 2

this term refers to the aging processes that result from disease and bodily abuse and disuse and are often preventable.

Answer 2

secondary aging

Question 3

this term refers to the essential activities that support survival, such as eating, dressing, bathing, and getting around the house.

Answer 3

activities of daily living (ADLs)

Question 4

this term refers to the a measure of a person’s ability to function effectively in his or her physical and social environment in comparison with others of the same chronological age.

Answer 4

functional age

Question 5

this term refers to the study of the aged and the process of aging.

Answer 5

gerontology

Question 6

this term refers to the branch of medicine concerned with processes of aging and medical conditions associated with old age.

Answer 6

geriatrics

Question 7

this term refers to the age to which a person in a particular
cohort is statistically likely to live (given his or her current age and health status), on the basis of average longevity of a population.

Answer 7

life expectancy

Question 8

this term refers to the actual length of an individual’s life.

Answer 8

longevity

Question 9

this term refers to the longest period that members of a species can live.

Answer 9

life span

Question 10

this term refers to the period of the life span marked by declines in physical functioning usually associated with aging; begins at different ages for different people

Answer 10

senescence

Question 11

this term refers to the theories that explain biological aging as resulting from a genetically determined developmental timetable.

Answer 11

genetic-programming theories

Question 12

this term refers to the unstable, highly reactive atoms or molecules, formed during metabolism, that can cause internal bodily damage.

Answer 12

free radicals

Question 13

this variable-rate theory postulates that there is a balance between metabolism, or energy use, and life span. The faster a body’s metabolism, the shorter its life span, and vice versa

Answer 13

rate-of-living theory

Question 14

this term refers to the curve on a graph showing the percentage of people or animals alive at various ages.

Answer 14

survival curve

Question 15

this term refers to the ability of body organs and systems to put forth 4 to 10 times as much effort as usual under acute stress; also called organ reserve.

Answer 15

reserve capacity

Question 16

this term refers to the cloudy or opaque areas in the lens of the eye, which cause blurred vision.

Answer 16

cataracts

Question 17

this term refers to a condition in which the center of the
retina gradually loses its ability to discern fine details; leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in older adults.

Answer 17

age-related macular degeneration

Question 18

this term refers to the irreversible damage to the optic nerve caused by increased pressure in the eye.

eyesight gets narrower

Answer 18

glaucoma

Question 19

this term refers to the ability to perform the physical activities of daily living.

Answer 19

functional fitness

Question 20

this term refers to the progressive, irreversible degenerative
neurological disorder, characterized by tremor, stiffness, slowed movement, and unstable posture.

Answer 20

Parkinson’s disease

Question 21

this term refers to the progressive, irreversible, degenerative
brain disorder characterized by cognitive deterioration and loss of control of bodily functions, leading to death.

Answer 21

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 22

this term refers to the deterioration in cognitive and behavioral functioning due to
physiological causes.

Answer 22

dementia

Question 23

this term refers to the twisted masses of protein fibers found
in brains of persons with Alzheimer’s disease.

Answer 23

neurofibrillary tangles

Question 24

this term refers to the waxy chunks of insoluble tissue found in the brains of persons with Alzheimer’s disease.

Answer 24

amyloid plaque

Question 25

this term refers to the hypothesized fund of energy that may enable a deteriorating brain to continue to function normally

Answer 25

cognitive reserve

Question 26

this term refers to the intelligence test for adults that yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score.

Answer 26

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Question 27

this term refers to the initial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information

Answer 27

sensory memory

Question 28

this term refers to the short-term storage of information being actively processed.

Answer 28

working memory

Question 29

this term refers to the long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place.

Answer 29

episodic memory

Question 30

this term refers to the long-term memory of motor skills, habits, and ways of doing things, which can be recalled without conscious effort; sometimes called implicit memory

Answer 30

procedural memory

Question 31

this term refers to the long-term memory of general factual knowledge, social customs, and language.

Answer 31

semantic memory

Question 32

this genetic-programming theory assumes that aging is the result of sequential switching on and off of certain genes. Senescence is the time when resutling age-associated deficits becomes evident

Answer 32

programmed senescence theory

Question 33

this genetic-programming theory assumes that biological clocks act through hormones to control the pace of aging

Answer 33

Endocrine theory

Question 34

this genetic-programming theory assumes that a programmed decline in immune system functions leads to increased vulnerability to infectious diseases and thus to aging and death

Answer 34

immunological theory

Question 35

this genetic-programming theory assumes that aging is an evoked trait, thus genes that promote reproduction are selected at higher rates than genes that extend life

Answer 35

evolutionary theory

Question 36

this variable-rate theory assumes that cells and tissues have vital parts that wear out

Answer 36

wear-and-tear theory

Question 37

this variable-rate theory assumes the concept of free radicals and that accumulated damage from oxygen radicals cause cells and eventually organs to stop functioning

Answer 37

free-radical theory

Question 38

this term refers to a genetically controlled limit, proposed by Hayflick, on the number of times cells can divide in members of a species. Once cells can no longer replicate, the body loses its ability to repair damaged tissue and thus begins to age. 40-60 but doc joyce says 50

Answer 38

hayflick limit

Question 39

this term refers to the progressive loss of protective DNA caps called telomeres with each cell division, a process linked to cellular aging and limited cell lifespan

Answer 39

telomere shortening