CH17 Flashcards

1
Q

Gradual, inevitable process of bodily deterioration throughout the life span.

A

primary aging

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2
Q

Aging processes that result from
disease and bodily abuse and disuse
and are often preventable.

A

secondary aging

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3
Q

Essential activities that support survival,
such as eating, dressing, bathing, and
getting around the house.

A

activities of daily living (ADLs)

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4
Q

Measure of a person’s ability to function
effectively in his or her physical and
social environment in comparison with
others of the same chronological age.

A

functional age

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5
Q

Study of the aged and the process of
aging.

A

gerontology

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6
Q

Branch of medicine concerned with
processes of aging and medical
conditions associated with old age.

A

geriatrics

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7
Q

Age to which a person in a particular
cohort is statistically likely to live (given
his or her current age and health
status), on the basis of average
longevity of a population.

A

life expectancy

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8
Q

Length of an individual’s life.

A

longevity

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9
Q

The longest period that members of a
species can live.

A

life span

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10
Q

Period of the life span marked by
declines in physical functioning usually
associated with aging; begins at
different ages for different people

A

senescence

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11
Q

Theories that explain biological aging
as resulting from a genetically
determined developmental timetable.

A

genetic-programming theories

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12
Q

Unstable, highly reactive atoms or
molecules, formed during metabolism,
that can cause internal bodily damage.

A

free radicals

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13
Q

this theory postulates that there is a balance between metabolism, or energy use, and life span. The faster a body’s metabolism, the shorter its life span, and
vice versa

A

rate-of-living theory

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14
Q

A curve on a graph showing the
percentage of people or animals alive
at various ages.

A

survival curve

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15
Q

Ability of body organs and systems to
put forth 4 to 10 times as much effort as
usual under acute stress; also called
organ reserve.

A

reserve capacity

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16
Q

Cloudy or opaque areas in the lens of
the eye, which cause blurred vision.

17
Q

Condition in which the center of the
retina gradually loses its ability to
discern fine details; leading cause of
irreversible visual impairment in
older adults.

A

age-related macular degeneration

18
Q

Irreversible damage to the optic nerve
caused by increased pressure in the
eye.

19
Q

The ability to perform the physical
activities of daily living.

A

functional fitness

20
Q

Progressive, irreversible degenerative
neurological disorder, characterized by
tremor, stiffness, slowed movement,
and unstable posture.

A

Parkinson’s disease

21
Q

Progressive, irreversible, degenerative
brain disorder characterized by
cognitive deterioration and loss of
control of bodily functions, leading
to death.

A

Alzheimer’s disease

22
Q

Deterioration in cognitive and
behavioral functioning due to
physiological causes.

23
Q

Twisted masses of protein fibers found
in brains of persons with Alzheimer’s
disease.

A

neurofibrillary tangles

24
Q

Waxy chunks of insoluble tissue found
in the brains of persons with Alzheimer’s
disease.

A

amyloid plaque

25
Hypothesized fund of energy that may enable a deteriorating brain to continue to function normally
cognitive reserve
26
Intelligence test for adults that yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
27
Initial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information
sensory memory
28
Short-term storage of information being actively processed.
working memory
29
Long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place.
episodic memory
30
Long-term memory of motor skills, habits, and ways of doing things, which can be recalled without conscious effort; sometimes called implicit memory
procedural memory
31
Long-term memory of general factual knowledge, social customs, and language.
semantic memory