CH15

Question 1

Age-related, progressive loss of the
eyes’ ability to focus on nearby objects
due to loss of elasticity in the lens.

Answer 1

presbyopia

Question 2

Nearsightedness.

Answer 2

myopia

Question 3

Age-related, gradual loss of hearing,
which accelerates after age 55,
especially with regard to sounds at
higher frequencies.

Answer 3

presbycusis

Question 4

Use of energy to maintain vital
functions.

Answer 4

basal metabolism

Question 5

Amount of air that can be drawn in with
a deep breath and expelled.

Answer 5

vital capacity

Question 6

Cessation of menstruation and of ability
to bear children.

Answer 6

menopause

Question 7

Period of several years during which a
woman experiences physiological
changes of menopause; includes first
year after end of menstruation; also
called climacteric.

Answer 7

perimenopause

Question 8

Inability of a man to achieve or maintain
an erect penis sufficient for satisfactory
sexual performance.

Answer 8

erectile dysfunction

Question 9

Chronically high blood pressure

Answer 9

hypertension

Question 10

Disease in which the body does not
produce or properly use insulin, a
hormone that converts sugar, starches,
and other foods into energy needed for
daily life.

Answer 10

diabetes

Question 11

Condition in which the bones become
thin and brittle as a result of rapid
calcium depletion.

Answer 11

osteoporosis

Question 12

Diagnostic X-ray examination of the
breasts.

Answer 12

mammography

Question 13

Treatment with artificial estrogen,
sometimes in combination with the
hormone progesterone, to relieve or
prevent symptoms caused by decline in
estrogen levels after menopause.

Answer 13

hormone therapy (HT)

Question 14

Response to physical or psychological
demands.

Answer 14

stress

Question 15

Perceived environmental demands that
may produce stress.

Answer 15

stressors

Question 16

Type of intelligence, proposed by Horn
and Cattell, that is applied to novel
problems and is relatively independent
of educational and cultural influences.

Answer 16

fluid intelligence

Question 17

Type of intelligence, proposed by Horn
and Cattell, involving the ability to
remember and use learned information;
it is largely dependent on education
and culture.

Answer 17

crystallized intelligence

Question 18

In Hoyer’s terminology, the process that
allows expertise to compensate for
declines in information-processing
ability by bundling relevant knowledge
together.

Answer 18

encapsulation

Question 19

In an adult, ability to use printed and
written information to function in society,
achieve goals, and develop knowledge
and potential.

Answer 19

literacy