CH10 Flashcards
n neo-Piagetian terminology, the third
stage in development of self-definition,
characterized by breadth, balance, and
the integration and assessment of
various aspects of the self.
representational systems
Erikson’s fourth stage of psychosocial
development, in which children must
learn the productive skills their culture
requires or else face feelings of
inferiority
industry versus inferiority
Transitional stage in the control of
behavior in which parents exercise
general supervision and children
exercise moment-to-moment
self-regulation.
coregulation
Behaviors by which emotional problems
are turned inward; for example, anxiety
or depression
internalizing behaviors
Behaviors by which a child acts out
emotional difficulties; for example,
aggression or hostility
externalizing behaviors
Unfavorable attitude toward members
of certain groups outside one’s own,
especially racial or ethnic groups.
Prejudice
On this undifferentiated level of friendship,
children think only about what they want
from a relationship. Most very young
children value their friends for material or
physical attributes.
Stage 0: Momentary
playmateship (ages 3 to 7
On this unilateral level, a “good friend”
does what the child wants the friend to do
Stage 1: One-way
assistance (ages 4 to 9)
This reciprocal level overlaps stage 1. It
involves give-and-take but still serves
many separate self-interests, rather than
the common interests of the two friends.
Stage 2: Two-way fairweather cooperation
(ages 6 to 12)
On this mutual level, children view a
friendship as an ongoing, systematic,
committed relationship. Friends become
possessive and demand exclusivity
Stage 3: Intimate, mutually
shared relationships
(ages 9 to 15)
In this interdependent stage, children
respect friends’ needs for both
dependency and autonomy.
Stage 4: Autonomous
interdependence
(beginning at age 12)
Tendency to perceive others as trying
to hurt one and to strike out in
retaliation or self-defense.
Hostile attribution bias
Aggression deliberately and
persistently directed against a particular
target, or victim, typically one who is
weak, vulnerable, and defenseless.
bullying
Pattern of behavior, persisting into
middle childhood, marked by negativity,
hostility, and defiance.
oppositional defiant disorder
Repetitive, persistent pattern of
aggressive, antisocial behavior violating
societal norms or the rights of others.
conduct disorder
