CH10 Flashcards

1
Q

n neo-Piagetian terminology, the third
stage in development of self-definition,
characterized by breadth, balance, and
the integration and assessment of
various aspects of the self.

A

representational systems

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2
Q

Erikson’s fourth stage of psychosocial
development, in which children must
learn the productive skills their culture
requires or else face feelings of
inferiority

A

industry versus inferiority

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3
Q

Transitional stage in the control of
behavior in which parents exercise
general supervision and children
exercise moment-to-moment
self-regulation.

A

coregulation

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4
Q

Behaviors by which emotional problems
are turned inward; for example, anxiety
or depression

A

internalizing behaviors

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5
Q

Behaviors by which a child acts out
emotional difficulties; for example,
aggression or hostility

A

externalizing behaviors

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6
Q

Unfavorable attitude toward members
of certain groups outside one’s own,
especially racial or ethnic groups.

A

Prejudice

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7
Q

On this undifferentiated level of friendship,
children think only about what they want
from a relationship. Most very young
children value their friends for material or
physical attributes.

A

Stage 0: Momentary
playmateship (ages 3 to 7

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8
Q

On this unilateral level, a “good friend”
does what the child wants the friend to do

A

Stage 1: One-way
assistance (ages 4 to 9)

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9
Q

This reciprocal level overlaps stage 1. It
involves give-and-take but still serves
many separate self-interests, rather than
the common interests of the two friends.

A

Stage 2: Two-way fairweather cooperation
(ages 6 to 12)

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10
Q

On this mutual level, children view a
friendship as an ongoing, systematic,
committed relationship. Friends become
possessive and demand exclusivity

A

Stage 3: Intimate, mutually
shared relationships
(ages 9 to 15)

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11
Q

In this interdependent stage, children
respect friends’ needs for both
dependency and autonomy.

A

Stage 4: Autonomous
interdependence
(beginning at age 12)

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12
Q

Tendency to perceive others as trying
to hurt one and to strike out in
retaliation or self-defense.

A

Hostile attribution bias

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13
Q

Aggression deliberately and
persistently directed against a particular
target, or victim, typically one who is
weak, vulnerable, and defenseless.

A

bullying

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14
Q

Pattern of behavior, persisting into
middle childhood, marked by negativity,
hostility, and defiance.

A

oppositional defiant disorder

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15
Q

Repetitive, persistent pattern of
aggressive, antisocial behavior violating
societal norms or the rights of others.

A

conduct disorder

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16
Q

Unrealistic fear of going to school; may
be a form of separation anxiety
disorder or social phobia.

A

school phobia

17
Q

Condition involving excessive,
prolonged anxiety concerning
separation from home or from people to
whom a person is attached.

A

separation anxiety disorder

18
Q

Extreme fear and/or avoidance of social
situations.

A

social phobia

19
Q

Anxiety not focused on any single
target.

A

generalized anxiety disorder

20
Q

Anxiety aroused by repetitive, intrusive
thoughts, images, or impulses, often
leading to compulsive ritual behaviors.hil

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder

21
Q

Mood disorder characterized by such
symptoms as a prolonged sense of
friendlessness, inability to have fun or
concentrate, fatigue, extreme activity or
apathy, feelings of worthlessness,
weight change, physical complaints,
and thoughts of death or suicide.

A

childhood depression

22
Q

Psychological treatment in which a
therapist sees a troubled person
one-on-one.

A

individual psychotherapy

23
Q

Psychological treatment in which a
therapist sees the whole family together
to analyze patterns of family functioning.

A

family therapy

24
Q

Therapeutic approach using principles
of learning theory to encourage desired
behaviors or eliminate undesired ones;
also called behavior modification.

A

behavior therapy

25
Therapeutic approach that allows a person to express troubled feelings without words, using a variety of art materials and media.
art therapy
26
Therapeutic approach that uses play to help a child cope with emotional distress.
play therapy
27
Administration of drugs to treat emotional disorders.
drug therapy
28
Children who weather adverse circumstances, function well despite challenges or threats, or bounce back from traumatic events.
resilient children
29
Influences that reduce the impact of potentially negative influences and tend to predict positive outcomes.
protective factors