CH.14: organizing and presenting public speeches

Question 1

oral communication:

Answer 1

• requires explicit organization
• benefits from redundancy
• relies less on complex sentences

Question 2

working outline

Answer 2

a sketch of main ideas and their relationships; used by and intended only for the speaker

Question 3

formal outline

Answer 3

a complete outline, including main points and subpoints, supporting materials, transitions, and citations for sources; principles on p.272

Question 4

works cited

Answer 4

list of sources used

Question 5

key word outline

Answer 5

an abbreviated speaking outline that includes only key words for each point in a speech

Question 6

temporal pattern

Answer 6

organize ideas on the basis of temporal relationships

Question 7

spatial pattern

Answer 7

organize ideas according to physical relationships

Question 8

topical pattern

Answer 8

orders a presentation into several categories, classes, or areas of discussion

Question 9

star pattern

Answer 9

variation of the topical pattern; change in the order of speech and emphasis on certain points

Question 10

comparative pattern

Answer 10

compare two or more objects, people, situations, events, or other phenomena

Question 11

problem-solution pattern

Answer 11

divides a topic into two major areas: a problem and a solution

Question 12

cause-effect / effect-cause patterns

Answer 12

used to argue a direct relationship between two things: a cause and an effect

Question 13

an introduction should:

Answer 13

• capture listeners’ attention
• present a clear thesis statement
• build credibility
• preview the body

Question 14

a conclusion should:

Answer 14

• summarize content
• offer listeners a final idea

Question 15

transitions

Answer 15

words and sentences that connect ideas and main points in a speech so that listeners can follow a speaker

Question 16

communication apprehension

Answer 16

anxiety associated with speaking

Question 17

positive visualization

Answer 17

aims to reduce anxiety by guiding apprehensive speakers through imagined positive speaking experiences

Question 18

oral style

Answer 18

speakers’ visual, vocal, and verbal communication with listeners

Question 19

impromptu speaking

Answer 19

involves little preparation

Question 20

extemporaneous speaking

Answer 20

relies on preparation and practice, but actual words aren’t memorized

Question 21

manuscript speaking

Answer 21

speaking from the complete manuscript of speech

Question 22

memorized speaking

Answer 22

the speech is memorized word for word in advance

Question 23

guidelines for effective delivery

Answer 23

p.288