Ch.11 (2) Flashcards
describe MBO (and what it stands for)
(Management by Objectives) goal-setting theory based on the idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers
MBO can … if …
can improve performance if the goals are accepted and accompanied by feedback and facilitated by organizational conditions
management by objective (year) is a …
(1960s) system of goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review and evaluation of objectives among top and mid-level managers, supervisors and employees
MBO is most effective in …
relatively stable situations in which long-range plans can be made and implemented with little needs for major changes
Victor Vroom: Expectancy Theory (the amount of effort …)
employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome
Expectancy Theory: what are the two questions employees ask themselves and what do the answers lead to?
can i accomplish the task? no = not motivated yes = is the reward worth it? no = not motivated yes = motivated
list the first three steps on how to use the expectancy theory
determine what rewards employees value, determine each employee’s desired performance standard, ensure that performance standards are attainable
list the last two steps on how to use the expectancy theory
guarantee rewards tied to performance and be certain that employees consider the rewards adequate
according to reinforcement theory, …
positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers and punishers motivate a person to behave in certain ways
equity theory looks at … employees try to …
how employees’ perceptions of fairness affect their willingness to perform. maintain equity between what they put into the job and what they get out of it
job enrichment is a strategy that motivates workers through … work it assigned so that …
the job itself. individuals can complete an identifiable task from beginning to end and are held responsible for successful achievement
(motivating through job enrichment) define “skill variety”
the extent to which a job demands different skills
(motivating through job enrichment) define “task identity”
the degree to which the job requires doing a task with a visible outcome from the beginning to the end
(motivating through job enrichment) define “task significance”
the degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of others in the company
(motivating through job enrichment) define “autonomy”
the degree of freedom, independence, and discretion in scheduling work and determining procedures
(motivating through job enrichment) define “feedback”
the amount of direct and clear information that is received about the job performance
(building teamwork) having teams creates …
an environment in which learning can happen, because most learning happens at the peer level
(building teamwork) the entire organization must be …
structured to make it easy for managers and employees to talk to one another
(job recognition) a recent survey indicated that …
more than half of employees who voluntarily left their jobs did so because of a lack of appreciation
