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Human Anatomy > Ch. 9 Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Ch. 9 Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Structure: Not striated
Location: Intestine, respiratory, blood vessels
Characteristics: Involuntary, autonomic, nervous, hormones

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2
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Structure: Striated
Location: Heart
Characteristics: Involuntary, autonomic nervous, hormones

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3
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Structure: Striated
Location: All over the body
Characteristics: Voluntary, learned patterns of movement

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4
Q

Functions of Muscle Tissue

A
  • Body movement (In association with the skeleton)
  • Stabilizing the body
  • Standing upright
  • Regulating movement (Sphincter muscles)
  • Moving substances within the body (Peristalsis)
  • Generating heat (Shivering)
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5
Q

Properties of Muscle Tissue

A
  • Contractility: Contract and maintain tension
  • Extensibility: Stretch without damage
  • Elasticity: Return to original length
  • Electrical excitability: Electric signals like a nerve cells
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6
Q

Anatomy of a Muscle (Big to Small structures)

A

Tendon (connects muscle to skeleton), epimysium (outer layer of connective tissue muscle), fascicle (bundles of muscle cells/fibers), perimysium (connective tissue around a fascicle), muscle fiber (cell), myofibril

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7
Q

Anatomy of a Muscle (Fascicle)

A

Perimysium (membrane around a fascicle), endomysium (connective tissue around a muscle fiber, inside a fascicle)

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8
Q

Tendon

A

Connects a muscle to the skeleton

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9
Q

Epimysium

A

Outer layer of connective tissue surrounding a muscle

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10
Q

Fascicle

A

Bundles of muscle cells/fibers

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11
Q

Perimysium

A

Connective tissue around a fascicle

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12
Q

Muscle Fiber

A

Basic functional unit of muscle tissue

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13
Q

Endomysium

A

Connective tissue around a muscle fiber, inside a fascicle

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14
Q

Sarcomere

A

The basic unit of a muscle

Consists of z discs, m line, I bands, A band, and H zone

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15
Q

Anatomy of a Muscle (Muscle Fiber)

A

Sarcolemma (cell membrane), myofibril (bundles of sarcomere’s), filaments

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16
Q

Sarcomere (Structure)

A

Thick Filament: Myosin
Thin Filament: Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
Structural Proteins: Titin, myomesin

17
Q

Muscle proteins

A 
Myosin
Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
Titin
Myomesin
18
Q

Myosin

A

Contractile protein in thick filament. Has myosin heads and tails to attach to actin

19
Q

Actin

A

Contractile protein in thin filament

20
Q

Troponin

A

Regulatory protein in thin filament

Regulates when the muscle contracts and relaxes

21
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Regulatory protein in thin filament

22
Q

Titin

A

Structural protein; stretching (“springs”)

23
Q

Myomesin

A

M line; structural protein

24
Q

Thin filaments

A

Consists of actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

  • Actin has the binding site for the myosin head
  • Troponin and tropomyosin regulate the binding of the myosin heads
25
Q

Fused Tetanus

A

Muscles completely contracted

26
Q

Motor Unit

A

Lets you control how strong contractions are

Activates muscle fibers, each motor neuron activates a different group of motor units

27
Q

Muscle Fibers

A

Three very different fibers: slow oxidative, fast oxidative, and fast glycolytic

28
Q

Slow Oxidative Fibers

A

Thin, aerobic, slow twitch, many capillaries
Myoglobin: protein in the muscle that stores oxygen
Resistant to fatigue, do not build up waste piles

i.e. endurance muscles, repeated motion

29
Q

Fast Oxidative Fibers

A

Medium thickness, aerobic, fast twitch
Many capillaries, myoglobin, high glycogen
Moderate resistance to fatigue

Middle ground type, between endurance and sprinting

30
Q

Fast Glycolytic Fibers

A

Very thick, anaerobic, fast, powerful twitch
High glycogen, few capillaries, and myoglobin
Fatigues easily

i.e. Sprinters, powerful

31
Q

Smooth Muscle (Structure)

A

Intermediate filaments, sarcomeres connected to dense bodies, not always in the same direction
Sarcomeres are organized differently

32
Q

Smooth Muscle Physiology

A

Sliding filament contraction

  • Slow, long lasting contractions
  • Contracts further and stretches further
  • Ca++ diffusion is slow
  • No T tubules, and very little SR

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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