Ch. 8 Joints

Question 1

Synovial Joint Structure

Answer 1

From the surface in: Articular capsule, synovial membrane, synovial cavity, articular cartilage.

Question 2

Synovial Membrane

Answer 2

Creates the synovial fluid

Question 3

Fibrous joints

Answer 3

Fibrous connective tissue

i.e. sutures in the skull

Question 4

Cartilagenous joints

Answer 4

Cartilage

Question 5

Synovial joints

Answer 5

Synovial cavity

Question 6

Synarthosis (movement)

Answer 6

Immovable joint

Question 7

Amphiarthosis (movement)

Answer 7

Slightly movable joint

Question 8

Diarthosis (movement)

Answer 8

freely movable joint

Question 9

Hinge Joint

Answer 9

i.e. the elbow.

Angular movement in one direction

Question 10

Pivot Joints

Answer 10

i.e. radius (Wrist).

Rotating on an axis

Question 11

Condyloid Joint

Answer 11

i.e. Wrist, where the radius and ulna meet the hand.

Rounded surfaces for multiple types of movement

Question 12

Saddle Joint

Answer 12

i.e. in the fingers

Like a condyloid joint, but more support in the joint

Question 13

Ball and Socket Joints

Answer 13

i.e. hip or shoulder

Most movement, also weak joints

Question 14

Gliding Movement

Answer 14

i.e. waving

Fairly flat surfaces gliding past each other

Question 15

Flexing and Extending Movement

Answer 15

Flex = decrease an angle between two bones
Extend = increase an angle between two bones
i.e. running, flexing biceps, bowing

Question 16

Abduction and Adduction Movement

Answer 16

Abduct = moving away from the midline
Adduct = moving toward the midline
i.e. separating your fingers or spreading your legs

Question 17

Circumduction Movement

Answer 17

Possible with ball and socket joints that can rotate

Question 18

Rotation Movement

Answer 18

Medial rotation = toward the midline (inward)

Lateral rotation = away from the midline (outward)

Question 19

Syndesmoses (Fibrous Joint)

Answer 19

Interosseous membranes (i.e. fibrous tissue between the radius and ulna)

Question 20

Gomphoses (Fibrous Joint)

Answer 20

The puzzle-like fit of sutures (zig zag). Also in teeth

Question 21

Elevation and Depression Movement

Answer 21

Depression = Down (i.e. lowering your shoulders)
Elevation = Up (i.e. raising your shoulders or eyebrows)

Question 22

Synchondroses (Cartilaginous joints)

Answer 22

Hyaline cartilage in the epiphyseal plate or the costal cartilage in the ribs

Question 23

Protraction and Retraction (movement)

Answer 23

Protraction = sticking chin out
Retraction = pulling chin in

Question 24

Inversion and Eversion (movement)

Answer 24

Eversion = rotating your feet outward
Inversion = rotating your feet inward

Question 25

Dorsiflexion and Plantar flexion (movement)

Answer 25

Dorsiflexion = raising toes up away from the ground

Plantar flexion = pointing your toes

Question 26

Supination and Pronation (movement)

Answer 26

Pronation = palms down (dorsal side up)
Supination = palms up (ventral side up)

Question 27

Symphyses (Cartilagenous joints)

Answer 27

Hyaline cartilage around fibrous cartilage

i.e. intervertebral discs (help cushion)

Question 28

Opposition and Reposition (movement)

Answer 28

Opposition = Oppositional force such as the thumb pressing against the index finger or pinky etc.
Reposition = Going back to normal position

Question 29

Bursa

Answer 29

Sack of synovial fluid

Question 30

Tendon Sheath

Answer 30

Wrapped around tendon

Question 31

Ligament

Answer 31

Bone to bone dense regular connective tissue

Provides strength and stability, but limits movement