Ch. 20 Blood

Question 1

Functions of blood

Answer 1

Transport of gasses and nutrients
Transport of molecular products
Transport of hormones
pH balance and osmotic balance
Thermoregulation
WBC are part of the immune response
Clotting: sealing leaks in the circulatory system
(also transports heat)

Question 2

Blood Composition (Plasma)

Answer 2

Water (91%)
Proteins (7%)
	Albumins (58%) Osmotic pressure, transport
	Globulins (38%) Immunity, transport
      	Fibrinogen (4%) Blood clotting
Other solutes
      	Ions
      	Nutrients
      	Waste
      	Gasses
      	Hormones

Question 3

Blood Composition (Formed Elements)

Answer 3

Formed elements (cells) (45%)
	Platelets
		Blood clotting
	Red blood cells
		Transport of gasses
	White blood cells
		Neutrophils (60-70%) phagocytes
		Lymphocytes (20-25%) antibodies
		Monocytes (3-8%) phagocytes
		Eosinophils (2-4%) reduce inflammation
		Basophils (0.5-1%) histamines

Question 4

Red blood cells

Answer 4

Developmental pathway

1. Hemocytoblast (stem cell)
2. Erythroblasts (loss of nucleus)
3. Reticulocyte
4. Red blood cell – Erythrocyte

ABO Blood types

Question 5

Hemoglobin

Answer 5

Oxygen binds with heme

Heme group has iron in it

Acts as a catalyst for
carbon dioxide transport

Question 6

Carbon dioxide transport

Answer 6

CO2 + H2O H2CO3
H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-
pH buffer for blood

Question 7

Lymphocytes

Answer 7

B lymphocytes

T lymphocytes

Question 8

B lymphocytes

Answer 8

• Mature in bone marrow

- Produce antibodies

Question 9

T lymphocytes

Answer 9

• Mature in thymus

- Destroy virus infected cells

Question 10

Monocyte

Answer 10

Very large white blood cells

Migrate into tissues
Act as phagocytes

Clean wounds in healing

Question 11

Neutrophil

Answer 11

Granulocyte

Lobed nucleus

Migrate into tissues
Act as phagocytes
Produce lysozymes to destroy bacteria

Question 12

Basophil

Answer 12

Granulocyte: Large granules stain blue

Produce histamines: Infection signal

Question 13

Eosinophil

Answer 13

Granulocyte: Large granules stain red

Elevated with allergies

Reduce inflammatory response: Destroys histamines

Attack some worms

Question 14

Platelets

Answer 14

Thrombocytes: Cell fragments

Blood clotting

Question 15

Production of formed elements

Answer 15

Hemocytoblast (Stem cell all blasts form from)

Proerythroblast –> Red blood cells

Myeloblast –> Granulocytes: Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils

Lymphoblast –> Lymphocytes

Monoblast –> Monocytes

Megakaryoblast –> Platelets