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Human Anatomy > Ch. 3 - Tissues > Flashcards

Ch. 3 - Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Body surfaces

  • Cells are attached by cell junctions
  • Epithelial tissue is avascular (lacks circulatory system)
  • Nerves only send projections into tissue
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2
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Connects, supports

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3
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Communication

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4
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Contraction

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5
Q

Apical Surface

A

Toward the lumen (open space)

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6
Q

Basal Surface

A

Toward the basement membrane

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7
Q

Lateral Surface

A

Toward other epithelial cells

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8
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Zip-lock seal (i.e. intestines)

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9
Q

Gap Junctions

A

Tunnels for large molecules

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10
Q

Adherence Junctions

A

Velcro seal, holds cells together

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11
Q

Desmosomes

A

Dots of velcro (adherence junctions)

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12
Q

Hemidesmosomes

A

Velcro to basement membrane (half of a desmosome)

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13
Q

Lining epithelium

A

Covers the surfaces of the body (internal and external)

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14
Q

Single layer of Epithelium

A

Simple

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15
Q

More than one layer of Epithelium

A

Stratified

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16
Q

Squamous

A

The cells are much wider than they are tall

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17
Q

Cuboidal

A

The cells are about as wide as they are tall (most common)

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18
Q

Columnar

A

The cells are much taller than they are wide

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19
Q

Simple squamous

A

One layer of squamous cells (i.e. lungs)

Function: Exchange, more permeable

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20
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Basic cell shape (i.e. in the tubules of kidneys, the pancreas, and the thyroid)

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21
Q

Simple Columnar

A

i.e. in the small intestine.

Functions: Tight junctions seal spaces between cells, and the absorption of nutrients

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22
Q

Stratified squamous

A

Multiple layers and outer layer is squamous (i.e. skin, esophagus, mouth)
Function: Protection against mechanical stress

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23
Q

Stratified cuboidal

A

i.e. sweat glands and salivary glands. Very rare

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24
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Multiple layers of columnar, i.e. in male urethra, epididymis, mammary glands. Very rare

25
Q

Pseudostratified

A

A single layer that looks like multiple layers, i.e. in the trachea.
Function: Mucous cells and cilia remove particles

26
Q

Transitional

A

Multiple layers, and cells change shape, i.e. in the urinary bladder
Function: Can change shape and stretch

27
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Epithelium… With glands

28
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Release substances into the body, i.e. hormones

29
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Release substances into the surface, i.e. Sweat glands, mucous cells

30
Q

Merocrine glands

A

The final production of the product is in the golgi complex

Transported through vesicles and secreted through exocytosis

i.e. Sweat glands, Pancreatic digestive enzymes

31
Q

Apocrine glands

A

After production, the product accumulates in apical end of cell

This end pinches off and bursts to release the product

i.e. Mammary glands

32
Q

Holocrine glands

A

The product accumulates in the cell

The cell lyses to release the product

i.e. Sebaceous glands

33
Q

Connective tissue

A

Includes tendons, dermis of the skin, bones, blood, fat, and white blood cells

34
Q

Connective Tissue Functions

A 
Binds tissues together (tendons)
Supports and strengthens other tissues (dermis of skin, membranes)
Protection of vital organs (skeleton)
Transport (blood)
Insulation (fat)
Energy storage (fat)
Immune response (white blood cells)
35
Q

The matrix

A

Consists of fibers and ground substance

36
Q

Collagen Fibers

A

Strong, resist stretching

37
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

Form a network, stretch (150%) and recoil

38
Q

Reticular Fibers

A

Form a network to support cells, support and strength

39
Q

Ground Substance

A

The molecules between the cells and the fibers. Can be fluid, semi-fluid, gelatinous, or calcified

40
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Areolar, adipose, and loose reticular connective tissue

41
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells
All three types of fiber (collagen, elastic, and reticular), random distribution

Location: Widely distributed, under skin, digestive tract, etc.
Functions: Weak, flexible, binding

42
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Some reticular fibers, adipocytes store fat

Location: Widely distributed in the body
Function: Store energy

43
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue

A

Reticular cells
Reticular fibers form a mesh to support cells

Location: Liver, spleen, kidneys, lymph nodes
Function: Framework

44
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Regular, irregular, regular elastic, and irregular elastic

45
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A
  • Fibroblasts secrete collagen
  • All fibers parallel
  • i.e. Tendons, ligaments
  • Function: Hold structures together
46
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A
  • Fibroblasts secrete collagen
  • Random distribution
  • i.e. Dermis of skin, fascia around muscles
  • Function: Strength
47
Q

Dense regular elastic connective tissue

A
  • Fibroblasts secrete elastic fibers
  • All fibers parallel
  • i.e. Vocal cords
  • Function: Strength and stretch
48
Q

Dense irregular elastic connective tissue

A
  • Fibroblasts secrete elastic fibers
  • Random distribution
  • i.e. Aorta, lungs
  • Function: Strength and stretch
49
Q

Cartilage

A

All cells are in “lacuna”

Consists of hyalin, elastic, and fibrocartilage

50
Q

Hyalin Cartilage (Jello with grapes)

A
  • Thin, pale collagen fibers (not visible)
  • Location: Ends of long bones, trachea, larynx, joints (facilitates growth of skeleton)
  • Function: Protection and cushioning
51
Q

Elastic Cartilage (Jello with hair and grapes)

A
  • Elastic fibers
  • Location: Ear and nose
  • Function: Support and flexibility
52
Q

Fibrocartilage (Jello with grapes in tendons…)

A
  • Thick visible collagen fibers giving extra strength, stronger than hyalin but less elastic
  • Location: Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs, miniscus in knee
  • Function: Limit compression
53
Q

Bone

A
  • Osteocytes in lacuna, calcified matrix, collagen fibers
  • Location: Skeleton
  • Function: Strength and support
54
Q

Blood

A
  • Plasma and formed elements (cells and platelets)
  • Location: Circulatory system, Liquid matrix in blood vessels
  • Function: Transport
55
Q

Lymph

A
  • Clear liquid flows through lymphatic system
56
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Striated, voluntary, long cells, multinucleated

Location: Muscles that move the skeleton

57
Q

Smooth muscle

A

No striations, involuntary, influenced by hormones and the autonomic nervous system
Location: Blood vessels, intestine, etc.

58
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Striated, involuntary, branching fibers, influenced by hormones and autonomic nervous system. Intercalated discs.
Location and Function: Heart muscle, pumps blood

59
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Axon (Long), dendrite (branches), soma/cell body
Location: Everywhere
Function: Transmit signals and process information

Human Anatomy (18 decks)

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