Ch 9 Male Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
The male sex cell is called a __________
A
spermatozoon (sperm cell)
2
Q
What part of the sperm is the chromosomes (hereditary material) located?
A
Head region (lol)
3
Q
What is the tail part of a sperm that makes it mobile called?
A
Flagellum
4
Q
Twins that result from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells are called _________
A
fraternal twinsTw
5
Q
twins resulting from the fertilization of a single egg by a single sperm are called _________
A
identical twins
6
Q
What hormone is responsible for the bodily characteristics of the male (beard, facial hair, deep voice, pubic hair)
A
testosterone
7
Q
Why is there 1 artery in the pee pee area?
A
lowers body temp to help sperm live
8
Q
sperm are formed in the _________
A
seminiferous tubules
9
Q
Passage of sperm route… (6)
(this is a long one )
A
- seminiferous tubules
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- ejaculatory duct
- urethra
- penis
10
Q
What is the pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra (cowper glands)
A
bulbourethral glands
11
Q
The ejection of sperm and fluid from male urethra is called _______
A
ejaculation
12
Q
Tube through which semen enters the male urethra _______
A
ejaculatory duct
13
Q
One pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis that stores and carried sperm to the vas deferens is ___________
A
epididymis
14
Q
Inability of an adult male to achieve an erection
A
Erectile dysfunction (impotence)
15
Q
Sensitive tip of the penis
(basically the clit lol)
A
glans penis
16
Q
Specialized cells adjacent to the seminiferous tubules in the testes, produce testosterone, (leydig cells)
A
interstitial cells of the testes
17
Q
Essential distinctive cells of an organ are called _______
A
parenchymal tissue
18
Q
male external organ of reproduction
A
penis
19
Q
External area between the anus and scrotum in the male
A
perineum
20
Q
Foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
A
prepuce
21
Q
Exocrine gland at base of male urinary bladder, secretes fluid part of semen into urethra during ejaculation
A
prostate gland
22
Q
external sac that contains the testes
A
scrotum
23
Q
Spermatozoa and seminal fluid discharged from the urethra during ejaculation
A
semen
24
Q
Paired sac like exocrine glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens
A
seminal vesicles
25
Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes
seminiferous tubules
26
Procedure that removes person's ability to produce or release reproductive cells by removing testicles, vasectomy, or oophorectomy
sterilization
27
supportive connective tissue of an organ
stromal tissue
28
male gonad that produces sperm and testosterone
testis
29
What is the most common tumor in men ages 15-34
carcinoma of the testes
30
What is the most common type of carcinoma of the testes
seminoma
31
Individuals with an ______ _________ are at higher risk of developing testicular cancer
undescended testicle
32
Carcinoma of the testes is Less common in African American men compared to Caucasians (T/F)
T
33
What is the usual initial finding of testicular cancer?
painless lump (in/on testis)
-- or also enlargement
34
Is there usually associated pain and tenderness with testicular cancer (T/F)
F
35
Testicular tumors produce what 2 tumor markers?
hCG and alpha-fetoprotein
36
What are three treatments for testicular cancer?
orchiectomy
chemo
radiation
37
What is the failure of the testis to descend from its intra-abdominal location into the scrotum called (located on physical exam)
Cryptorchism
38
Cryptorchism means what?
hidden flower
39
Do we know the etiology of cryptorchism? (T/F)
F
40
What amount of patients have bilateral cryptorchism?
1/3rd
41
What is the most frequent imaging study used for evaluating the testis?
ultrasound
42
What is the treatment for cryptorchism and what ages is it best at?
orchiopexy, 2-10 y/old
43
cryptorchid testis are how much more likely to become malignant?
20-50x
44
cryptorchism Infertility is observed in (%)
______ with unilateral
______ with bilateral
40%
70%
45
What is a collection of serous peritoneal fluid that results from a defect or irritation in the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum or spermatic cord?
Hydrocele
46
Most hydroceles are _____ and noted at 1-2 y/old
congenital
47
Adult hydroceles are late onset (>40) and occur from what three things?
local injury
infections
radiation
48
Hydroceles are bilateral in what percentage of cases?
7-10%
49
What is it called when a light source shines brightly through a hydrocele
Trans illumination
50
A _________ must be differentiated from other complaints of testicular pain, since a delay in diagnosis can lead to loss of testicle
urologic emergency
51
What covers the typical testicle and attaches to the posterolateral surface to allow little mobility?
Tunica vaginalis
52
In Patients with testicular torsion, where is the tunica attached that allows for free rotation
inappropriately high
53
Testicular torsion can lead to venous occlusion and engorgement leading to _________ of the testicle
arterial ischemia
54
What can cause testicular torsion? (3)
activity
trauma
sleep
55
Sx of Testicular torsion (4)
abdominal pain
fever
N/V
Scrotal swelling
56
Incidence of testicular torsion in males younger than 25 is approximately 1 in _______
4000
57
What testicles more likely experiences torsion?
left
58
If a patient presents with testicular torsion the salvage rate is:
at 6 hrs ______%
at 12 hours ______%
80-100%
~0%
59
What occurs when one way vein valves fail and the reverse flow of blood stretches and enlarges the tiny veins in the testicle (scrotum varicose veins)
Varicocele
60
Varicocele is relatively common and affects 10% of men in what 2 decades of life?
2nd and 3rd
61
What is varicocele often referred to as because its lumpy?
bag of worms
62
There is an association between varicocele and ______
infertility
63
what are some signs of varicocele? (2)
aching with prolonged standing
Atrophy of testicles
64
Varicocele is often diagnosed at _____
sports physical exam
65
What is non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate called?
Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)
66
Common BPH Sx (7)
frequent urination
hesitancy/difficult urine start
urgency
waking to urinate
poor/weak urinary system
incomplete bladder emptying
dribbling/leakage
67
Sx of BPH can lead to what to problems?
UTI
Bladder obstruction
68
What are the 2 treatments for BPH
medication
surgery
69
What is the most common cancer in American Men
Carcinoma of the prostate
70
What is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the US
carcinoma of the prostate
71
american men have a ____% of having prostate cancer and a _____% risk of dying from it
30%
3%
72
By age 50, 1 in ___ men have cancerous cells in their prostate
4
(age 80 is 1 in 2)
73
Average age of prostate cancer diagnosis is _____
72
74
What is a screening marker for prostate cancer?
PSA
- prostate specific antigen
75
What race is most likely to have prostate cancer?
black
76
What kind of relative increases prostate cancer risk?
first degree
77
Researched theorize ____ increases production of testosterone, which speeds up cancer cell production
fat
(high fat diets are bad)
78
Screen for prostate cancer with what 2 things at age 50?
digital rectal exam
serum PSA
79
What are Tx for prostate cancer?
surgery, radiation, hormonal chemotherapy
80
What is a kind of ultrasound where the probe is inserted into the rectum to evaluate the prostate?
transrectal
81
Transrectal ultrasounds can be used for what kind of biopsy?
prostate
82
What is the removal of benign prostatic tissue using a green light laser called
Green light photo selective vaporization of the prostate
83
What is the insertion of gloved, lubricated fingers into the patients rectum to exam prostate called?
DRE
84
DRE are used to check ____, ____, and ___ of prostate and presence of blood in stool
size, shape, texture
85
What is the removal of excess prostate capsule material via a device inserted up the urethra via the penis?
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
86
TURP is used more than green light (T/F)
F
87
What is a nuclear medicine imaging technique used to detect prostate cancer metastasis
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) pet scan
88
PSMA pet scan is done with an injection of _______
radiation
89
What is birth defect in boys in which the urinary tract opening is not located properly at the penis tip? (located on underside)
Hypospadias
90
Hypospadias occurs in 1 in ____ males
100
91
Hypospadias is treated ______ between 8 and 18 months of age
surgically
92
What is the inability to retract the distal prepuce over the glans penis?
phimosis
93
Phimosis occurs in ________ penis
uncircumcised
94
what are the two types of phimosis?
congenital and acquired
95
What is the entrapment of a retracted foreskin behind the coronal sulcus?
paraphimosis
96
Paraphimosis is typically seen in _____
children
97
elderly men have paraphimosis when these two things happen
bad hygiene
frequent catheters
98
Paraphimosis is associated with pain and edema so ______ is necessary
urgent reduction
99
What is a connective tissue disorder with the formation of a fibrotic lesion or plaque in the tunica albuginea
Peyronie disease
100
Peyronie disease leads to penile _______ and pain with _______
deformity (curvature)
erection
101
What is the #1 bacterial STD in the US
Chlamydia
102
How many new cases of chlamydia occur a year? (in teens and young adults mostly)
4 million
103
Chlamydia is known as the ____ epidemic
silent
104
Chlamydia asymptomatic %:
_____ women
_____ men
3/4
1/3
105
Sx of chlamydia include (3)
burning, itching, discharge
106
What STD is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gonorrhea
107
Gonorrhea can affect what 3 places?
genital tract, rectum, mouth
108
In women, the ____ is the first place of gonorrheal infection and it can spread leading to what disease?
cervix
PID
109
Gonorrhea symptoms occur how many days after sexual contact?
2-10 days
110
What infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)
herpes genitalis
111
What type of herpes infects lips (cold sores) and also genitals
Type 1
112
What type of herpes is the usual cause of genital herpes but can also infect the mouth during oral sex
Type 2
113
Both HSV1 and 2 produce what around the body
lesions
114
Herpes is a ___________ infection with no cure
lifetime
115
What is a DNA virus (100 subtypes) that only infects humans
HPV
116
what % of women have HPV infections by age 50
80%
117
HPV cervical cancer risks with serotypes ... (5)
16,18, 31,33,45
118
HPV is transmitted via sexual contact with ________
mucous membranes
119
HPV presents with lesions on the _______ (3)
vulva, vagina, and cervix
120
What is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium treponema pallidum
syphilis
121
syphilis is also known as a great _______
imitator
122
syphilis is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis ___
sore
123
time between infection with syphilis and start of first symptoms can range from ________days`
10-90 days
124
syphilis primary stage is usually marked by a single sore called ______
chancre
125
syphilis chancre lasts _______weeks at spot where syphilis entered the body
3-6 weeks
126
The syphilis secondary stage is marked by rough red _____ that does not itch
rash
127
The tertiary stage of syphilis is hidden and damages what parts of the body (8)
brain
nerves
eyes
heart
BV
liver
bones
joints
128
What kind of syphilis is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy?
congenital syphilis
129
What is the cornerstone of testing for male infertility problems?
semen analysis
130
Semen analysis provides information about the ________ and _______ of sperm
quality and quantity
131
Semen analysis examines for the presence of _______and _______
RBC and WBC
132
A minimum of ___ semen analyses should be done several weeks apart because of sperm count fluctuations
2
133
What is the excision of both testicles?
castration
134
Chemical castration occur with injections of _________
depot progesterone
135
What is castration before puberty that prevents secondary male sex characteristics from developing
eunuch
136
What is the removal of the prepuce called
circumcision
137
When is circumcision usually performed?
1st or 2nd day after birth
138
What are the most common circumcision problems? (2)
bleeding and infection
139
Circumcision irritation is treated with ______
vaseline
140
What operation blocks the vas deferens tubes that carry sperm to the penis
vasectomy
141
Tubal ligation is less expensive with fewer complication than vasectomy (T/F)
F
142
Vasectomy is not effective _______
immediately
(wrap it up for 15-20 ejaculations)
143
vasectomy should be considered _______
permanent
144
What is a persistent or recurrent failure to reach or maintain erection
impotence/ ED
145
What ED is when patient has never maintained an erection?
primary impotence
146
What ED is when patient has lost the ability to erect (varies reasoning)
Secondary impotence
147
Erectile Dysfunction is not a natural consequence of aging (T/F)
T
148
What is ED Tx meds? (3)
Viagra (sildenafil)
Cialis (tadalafil)
Levitra (vardenafil)
149
______ inhibitors are involved with smooth muscle activity (ED)
phosphodiesterase
