CH 9 Flashcards
study of how humans change and grow from the beginning of life until the end
lifespan diversity
3 key dev domains
physical dev, cognitive dev, psychosocial dev
growth/changes in body, sense, motor skills and health
physical dev
growth/changes in learning reasoning memory and thinking g
cognitive dev
growth/changes in emotion, personality and relationships
psychosocial dev
specific normative events
developmental milestones
a cumulative gradual process
continuous dev
discrete unique stages of dev
discontinuous dev
language milestones are similar across cultures
universal dev
childhood exp are the central drivers of our personality and behaviors of adults
Freuds theory of psychosexual dev
first life span theory; how we interact with others is key driver of our ego identity
Ericksons psychosocial theory of dev
Trust (or mistrust) that basic needs, such as nourishment and affection, will be met
trust vs mistrust
Develop a sense of independence in many tasks
Autonomy vs. shame/doubt
Take initiative on some activities—may develop guilt when unsuccessful or boundaries overstepped
Initiative vs. guilt
Develop self-confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inferiority when not
Industry vs. inferiority
Experiment with and develop identity and roles
Identity vs. confusion
Establish intimacy and relationships with others
Intimacy vs. isolation
Contribute to society and be part of a family
Generativity vs. stagnation
Assess and make sense of life and meaning of contributions
Integrity vs. despair
Trust vs. mistrust age
0-1
Autonomy vs. shame/doubt age
1-3
Initiative vs. guilt age
3-6
Industry vs. inferiority. age
7-11
Identity vs. confusion age
12-18
Intimacy vs. isolation age
19-29
Generativity vs. stagnation age
30-64
Integrity vs. despair age
65+
concepts that help us organize and interpret info
schemata
take new info and incorporate that into existing schemata
assimilate
take in new info and create new schemata based on it
accommodate
who proposed children thinking progresses thru 4 stages
Piaget
children thinking realized thru perception of world and physical interactions with it
sensory motor stage
age of sensory motor stage
0-2
infants under 9 months fail to understand that an object continues to exist when it leaves
object permanance
children show wide variety of symbolic rep capabilities
pre operational reasoning
age of pre operational reasoning
2-7
ability to understand that even as physical dimensions change, that quantity doesn’t
conservation
children can think logically in most situations but cannot think in systematic sci ways
concrete operational
age of concrete operational
7-11
problem to overcome in concrete operational
abstract sci thinking
children attain reasoning power of mature adults
formal operational reasoning
age of formal operational reasoning
11 thru adulthood
continue to dev after formal operational stage
post formal stage
obediance and punishment driven; individual interests, motivated by rewards
pre conventional morality
interpersonal, driven by social approval
conventional morality
social contract, balance of individual rights and social order
post conventional morality
stages of dev prenatal
germinal stage, embryonic, fetal
week span germinal stage
1-2
week span embryonic stage
3-8
week span fetal stage
9-40
embryo made of how many cells
150
environmental agent that causes damage to the dev embryo/fetus
teterogen
specific time when an organ in fetus is dev
critical or sensitive pds
in born automatic response to particular forms of stim
newborn reflexes
is growth fast or slow at 4-6 years old
slow
small actions
fine MS
coordination of large muscle groups in arms and legs
gross MS
majority of neural connecitions formed…
early
comm by shaking head, what age
6-9 month
respond to verbal req
9-12 month
enjoy games what age
12-24 month
begin to make autonomous decision
3-5 years
who developed lang acquisition
Noam Chomsky
how many words does 2 year old know
50-200 words
how many words for 3 yr old
1000
how many words for 5 year old
2000 words
what age are kids fluent
7
parental presense, gives child sense of safety
secure base
the child is unresponsive to the parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if the parent leaves. The
avoidant attachment
children tend to show clingy behavior, but then they reject the attachment figure’s attempts to interact with them
resistant attachment
child freeze, run around the room in an erratic manner, or try to run away when the caregiver returns
disorganized attachment
self concept dev around what
18 month s
level of warmth and control for authoritative
both high
children fare best with which style of parenting
authoritative
level of warmth and control for authoritarian
low warmth, high control
how do children fare with authoritarian
fare poorly
level of warmth and control of rpermissive
high warm low control
children outcomes for permissive
girls are okay, boys aren’t
biological based and related to reactivity and self reg
temperament
easy temperament
doesn’t react much
what does temperament turn into
personality
maturing of adrenal lane
adrenarche
maturing of sex glands
gonadarche
organs needed for reproduction
primary sex characteristics
signals of sexual maturity that do not directly involve sex organs
secondary sex characteristic s
first period
menarche
first ejaculation
spermarche
what represents the powerful engine in adolescent
dopamine system
what would represent the brakes that aren’t there in adolescence
prefrontal cortex
how does thinking change in adolescence
more abstract and complex
in between adolescense and adulthood
emerging adulthood
is there physical dev in adulthood
no
when is peak physical performance
20-40, early adulthood
when do women decline fertility
middle adulthood
when do reaction times slow
late adulthood
facts, skills strategies we have accumulated throughout life
crystalized intelligence
reasoning processing speed
fluid intelligence
what happens to recognition in old age
stays same
difficulties with spatial representation happens when
late adulthood
older adults focus on meeting emotional needs over info gathering needs
socioemotional selectivity theory
low risk factor, maintenance, active engagement
successful aging
