Ch 7 Flashcards
thinking (perceptio, knowledge, problem solving, judgement)
cognition
order of info to behavior
info/sensation -> emotions/memories -> thoughts -> behavior
categories of linguistic info, images, ideas, or memories
concept
used to see relationship among diff elements of experience
concept
best ex or representation of a concept
prototype
created naturally thru either direct or indirect exp
natural concept
defined by set of characteristics
artificial conept
mental construct consisting of a collection of related concept
schema
makes assumptions about how individuals in certain roles will behave
role schema
set of routine or automatic behaviors
event schema
makes habits difficult to break bc they’re automatic
event schem
ANOTHER name for event schema
cognitive script
communication means that involves using words and systematic rules to organize words and transmit info
language
words of a given language
lexicon
rules used to convey meaning using lexicon
grammer
basic sound unit
phoneme
smallest unit of lang that convey some meaning
morpheme
meaning we derive from morphemes
semanticsw
way words are organized into sentences
syntax
proposed the mechanism underlying lang acquisition are biologically determined
noam chomsky
language develops in absence of…
formal instruction
lang acquisition follows similar patterns in children from..
different cultures and background
proficiency at acquiring language is maximal early in life
critical period
age range reflexive comm
0-3 month
age range for interest in other s
3-8 month
intentional comm, sociability age range
8-13 month s
first words age range
12-18 month s
simple sentence of 2 words age range
18-24 months
age range of sentences of 3 or more words
2-3 years old
complex sentences/convos age range
3-5 years
who proposed language determining thought
sapiral whorf
lang still may influence the way we think
linguistic determination
step by step formula
algorithm
general problem solving frame work
heuristic
rules of thumb
heuristic
persistence in approaching a problem in a way that’s worked in the past
mental set
inability to perceive object being used for something other than what it was designed for
functional fixedness
tendency to focus on one piece of info when making decision or solving problem
anchoring bias
tendency to focus on info that confirms your existing beliefs
confirmation bias
leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable even tho it wasn’t
hindsight bias
tendency to unintentionally stereotype someonee or something
representative bias
tendency to make decision based on an example, info, or recent experience that is real available to you even tho it may not be best ex to inform decision
availability heuristic
prediction based on similarity to other events or situations
representative bias
propsed each person has 8 intelligences
Howard Gardner
8 intelligences
linguistic, logical,musicla, bodily kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist
inteligence inherited, what perspective
nature perspective
inteligence shaped by child’s dev environment
nurture perspective
theory that each person responds to eviro differently based on genetic makeup
range of rxn
