Ch 8 Flashcards
encoding of details like time space frequency and meaning of wrds
automatic processing
encoding of details that take time and effort
efferent level processing
encoding of words nd their meanings
semantic encoding
encoding of images
visual encoding
encoding of sounds
acoustic encoding
tendency for individual to have better memory for info that relates to ones self
self reference effect
Buddy Hitch short term memory forms
visual spacial sketchpad, episodic biffer, phonological loop
info passes thru 3 distinct stages in order for it to be stored in long term memory
AS model of memory
As model of memory steps
sensory input -> sensory memory -> short term memory -> long term mem
storage of brief sensory events (sights sounds tastes0
SENSORY MEMORY
say color of written word, not reading word
stroop effect
capacity of short term mem
7 items plus minus 2
transfer of stim to long term mem
memory consolidation
conscious repetition of info to be remembered
rehearsal
continuous storage of info
long term memory
2 comp of long term mem
explicit and implicit
memories of facts and events we can consciously remember and recall/declare
explicit memory
2 types of explicit memory
semantic and episodic
knowlege about words, concepts, lang
semantic
info about events we personally experience
episodic
not part of our consciousness
implicit memory
false memory
DRM effect
stores info about how to do things
procedural memory
being able to access info without cues
recall
being able to ID info that I’ve previously learned after encountering it again
recognition
learning info that I prev learned
relearning
involved in fear and fear memories,
amygdala
processies emotional info important in encoding memories at a deeper level and mem consolidation
amygdala
associated with explicit memory, recognizing memory, and spatial memory
hippocampus
hippocampus projects info where
cortical region s
damage to what leads to inability to process new declarative memories
hippocampus
plays role in processing procedural memories such as playing piano
cerebellum
damage to what prevents classical conditioning
cerebellum
involved in remembering semantic tasks
prefrontal cortex
retrieval of info associated with what
right frontal region
neurotransmitters involved in memory
epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, acetylcholine
strong emotions trigger formation of strong memories and weaker emotional experiences form weaker mems
arousal theory
record of an atypical and unusual event that has very strong emotional association
flash bulb memory
large men errors, in which events are recalled that never took place
false memory
loss of long term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma
amnesia
inability to remember new info after pt of trauma
anterograde amnesia
loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma
retrograde amnesia
formation of new memories
construction
process of bringing up old memories
reconstruction
describes effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to creation of false memory
suggestibility
causes someone to remember something that was only a suggestion someone made
suggestibility
who studied false memories
Elizabeth loftus
after exposure to incorrect info, a person may misremember original event
misinfo paradigm effect
participants shown films of car accident, asked question w different wording and got different answers based on word used
Loftus study
recall of false autobiographical mems
false memory syndrome e
occurs when the memory is never stored in our mind in the first place
encoding failure
forgetting type sins of memory
transience, absent mindedness, blocking
distortion type sins of memory
misattribution, suggestibility, bias, persistance
accessibility of memory dec over time
transience,
forgetting causes by lapse in attention
absent mindedness
accessibility of info is temporarily blocked
blocking
source of memory is confused
misattribution
false memories which sin
suggestibility
memories distorted by current belief system
bias
inability to forget undesirable moments
persistance
overtime, unused info tends to fade away
transience/storage dec
involves racial and gender bias
stereotypical bias
involves enhancing our memories of the past
egocentric bias
tendency to think and outcome was inevitable after the fact
hindsight bias
old info hinders recall of new info
proactive interference
new info hinders recall of old info
retroactive interference
conscious repetition of info to be remembered
rehearsal
organizing info into manageable bits or chunk s
chunking
technique where you think about meaning of new info and how it relates to knowledge already in memory
elaborative rehearsal
memory aids that help us organize info for encoding
mnemonic device
