Ch 15 Flashcards
the study of psychological disorders including their symptoms, etiology, and treatment
psychopathology
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Psychological disorder
appropriately identifying a leveling a set of defined symptoms
diagnosis
Categorizes and describes each disorder including diagnostic features, criteria, prevalence, risk factors
DSM5
psychological disorders attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding
supernatural perspective
group mania where grousp of people started dancing together and wouldnt stop
dancing mania
view psychological disorders as linked to biological phenomena
biological perspective
emphasis the importance of learning, stress, self defeating thinking patterns and environmental factors
psychosocial perspective e
integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder
diathesis stress model
underlying predisposition for a disorder
diathesis
an instantaneous rxn to an imminent threat
fear
apprehension, avoidance, and cautiousness regarding a potential threat, danger, or other negative content
anxiety
characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety and by related disturbances in behavior
anxiety disorders
involves excessive distressing and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation
specific phobia
characterized by extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situation sin which the person could potentially be evaluated negatively by others, leading to serious impairments in life
social anxiety disorders
mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations in which the person could potentially be evaluated negatively by others, leading to serious impairments in life
safety behaviors
recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, at least one month of perisitent concern about additional panic attacks worry over the consequences of the attacks or self defeating changes in behavior related to the attacks
panic disorder
a period of extreme fear or discomfort that develops abruptly and reaches a peak within 10 minutes
panic attack
relatively continuous state of excessive uncontrollable and pointless worry and apprehension
generalized anxiety disorder
worry represents a mental strategy to avoid more powerful negative emotions
, what theory
cognitive theory
Involves thoughts/urges that are intrusive and unwanted (obsessions) and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions)
OCD
persistent unintentional and unwanted thoughts and urges that are highly intrusive, unpleasant, and distressing
obsessions
repetitive and ritualistic acts typically carried out primarily as a means to minimize the distress that obsessions trigger or to the reduce likelihood of a feared event
complsions
involves a preoccupation with a perceived flaw in the individual physical appearance that s either nonexistent or barely noticeable to other people
body dysmorphic disorder
involves great difficulty in discarding possessions, usually resulting in an accumulation of useless items that clutter living or work areas
hoarding disorder
PTSD diagnosis criteria
individual was exposed to witness or experienced the details of a traumatic experiecne
charcterized by massive disruptions in mood and emotions that can cause a distorted outlook on life and impair ones ability to function
mood disorders
extreme elation and agitation) is many feature
mania
distinct pd of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently inc activity or energy lasting at least one week”
manic episode
how many symptoms and how long for major depressive disorder
at least 5 symptoms and 2 week s
applies to situations in which a person experiences the symptoms of MDD only during a particular time of year
seasonal pattern depression
major depression during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following the birth
peripartum onset
depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least 2 years\
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
involved mood states that fluctuate between depression and mania
bipolar disorder
how are genetics and major depressive disorder related
relatives have double the risk of developing the disorder
mood disorders often involve imbalances in neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin and norepinephrine
neurotransmitters
Cortisol activates the… and deactivates the…
activates amygdala, deactivates prefrontal cortex
important in assessing the emotional disgnificance of stimuli and experiencing emotions
amygdala
important in regulating and controlling emotions
prefrontal cortex
theorized that depression prone people possess mental predispositions to think about most things in a negative way
.. who
Aaron beck
specific negative thinking style, sense of hopelessness depression
hopelessness theory
focus on the fact that one is depressed and dwelling on depressed symptoms
rumination
a psychological disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought perception emotion and behavior
schizophrenia
beliefs that other people or agencies are plotting to harm them
paranoid delusions
belief that one holds special power, unique knowledge, or is extremely important
grandiose delusions
belief that something highly abnormal is happening to ones body
somatic delusions
lack of motivation to engage in self initiated and meaningful activity
avolition
alogia
reduced speech output
social withdrawal
asociality
inability to experience pleasure
anhedonia
for schizophrenia, there are high levels of what in where
high dopamine in limbic system
ventricles small or enlarged schizophrenia
enlarged
grey matter inc or dec schizophrenia
dec
characterized by an individual becoming split off from their core sense of self
dissociative disorders
inability to recall important personal information
dissociative amnesia
individual suddenly wanders away from home, experiences confusion about their identity and in some cases may adopt a new identity
dissociative fugue
feelings of unreality or detachment from or unfamiliarity with, ones whole self or from aspects of the self
depersonalization
sense of unreality or detachment from the world, be it individuals, inanimate objects or all surroundings
derealization
individual exhibits two or more separate personalities or ID
dissociative identity disorder
involve developmental problems in personal social academic and intellectual functioning
neurodevelopment disorders
constant pattern of inattention and or hyperactivity and impulsivity that interferes with normal functionin
ADHD
deficits in social interaction, deficits in communication, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests
autism
characterized by a pervasive and inflexible personality style that differs from the expectations of the individuals culture and causes distress or impairment
personality disorders
personality style that is odd or eccentric, what cluster
a
Pervasive and unjustified suspiciousness, reluctant to confide in or become close to others, takes offense easily and bear grudges
paranoid personality disorder
Lacks interest and desire to form relationships with others, shows emotional coldness and detachment
schizoid
Eccentricities in thought, perception, emotion, speech, and behavior, suspicious or paranoia,
schizotypal
personality style that is impulsive, overly dramatic, highly emotional, erratic, what cluster
cluster B
Excessively overdramatic, emotional, theatrical, needs to be the center of others attention, behavior is inappropriately seductive or provocative
histrionic
Overinflated and unjustified sense of self importance, believes they are entitled to special treatment from others, shows, arrogant attitudes and behaviors, takes advantage of towers
narcissistic personality disorder
characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, and mood, as well as marked impulsivity
borderline personality disorder
characterized by complete lack of regard for other peoples rights or feelings
antisocial personality disorder
personality style that appears nervous and fearful, what cluster
cluster C
socially inhibited and oversenstivie to negative evaluation, feels inadequate and views self as socially inept and unappealing, unwilling to take rsk or engage in new activities if they may prove embarrassing
avoidant personality disorder
allows others to take over and run their life, submissive, slingy, and fears separation, cannot make decision siwthout advice and reassurance from others, lacks self confidence
dependent personality disorder
pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks, preoccupied with details rules order and schedules, rigid, inflexible, and stubborn
obsessive compulsive personality disorder
