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Anatomy and Physiology Test #1 > Ch. 8 - Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch. 8 - Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

the organs of the skeletal system are called:

A

bones

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2
Q

the adult skeleton is composed of ______ separate bones

A

206

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3
Q

2 divisions of the skeleton

A
  1. axial

2. appendicular

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4
Q

80 bones of the head, neck and torso (74 bones make up the upright axis of the body + 6 tiny middle-ear bones)

A

axial skeleton

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5
Q

126 bones that form the appendages to the axial skeleton (upper and lower extremities & pelvis - not sacrum)

A

appendicular skeleton

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6
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘a corner’

A

angle

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7
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘rounded bump; usually fits into a fossa or another bone to form a joint’

A

condyle

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8
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘moderately raised ridge; generally site for muscle attachment’

A

crest

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9
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘flat surface that form a joint with another facet or flat bone’

A

facet

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10
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘bump near condyle; often gives the appearance of a bump on a bump; for muscle attachment’

A

epicondyle

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11
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘round hole for vessels and nerves’

A

foramen

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12
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘depression; often receives an articulating bone’

A

fossa

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13
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘cavity within a bone’

A

sinus

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14
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘large bump for muscle attachment (larger than a tubercle or tuberosity)

A

trochanter

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15
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘oblong, raised bump, usually for muscle attachment; also called a tuber)

A

tuberosity

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16
Q

what is the bone marking that means ‘small tuberosity’

A

tubercle

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17
Q

2 major divisions of the skull

A
  1. cranial bones

2. facial bones

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18
Q

6 cranial bones

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. parietal bone
  3. temporal bone
  4. occipital bone
  5. sphenoid bone
  6. ethmoid bone
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19
Q

9 facial bones

A
  1. lacrimal bone
  2. palatine bone
  3. maxilla (upper jaw)
  4. mandible (lower jaw)
  5. zygomatic bone
  6. nasal bone
  7. inferior nasal conchae
  8. vomer bone
  9. eye orbits (right and left
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20
Q

this cranial bone forms the forehead and anterior part of the cranium

A

frontal bone

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21
Q

this cranial bone contains the frontal sinuses

A

frontal bone

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22
Q

this cranial bone forms the upper portion of the orbits and the coronal suture with the two parietal bones

A

frontal bone

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23
Q

this cranial bone forms the bulging top of the cranium

A

parietal bone

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24
Q

these cranial bones form the lower side of the cranium and part of the cranial floor

A

temporal bones

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25
Q

these cranial bones contain the inner and middle ear

A

temporal bones

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26
Q

this cranial bone forms the lower, posterior part of the skull

A

occipital bone

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27
Q

a butterfly or bat-shaped bone located in the central portion of the cranial floor

A

sphenoid bone

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28
Q

this cranial bone is a complex irregular bone that lies anterior to the sphenoid bone and posterior to the nasal bone

A

ethmoid bone

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29
Q

this facial bone is a paper-thin bone that lies posterior and lateral to each nasal bone and forms the nasal cavity and medial wall of the orbit

A

lacrimal bone

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30
Q

this facial bone articulates with the maxillae and sphenoid bone

A

palatine bone

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31
Q

these facial bones articulate with each other and with the nasal, zygomatic, inferior concha, and palatine bone

A

maxillae

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32
Q

these facial bones are known as the upper jaw

A

maxillae

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33
Q

these facial bones contain the maxillary sinuses

A

maxilla

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34
Q

this facial bone is known as the lower jaw

A

mandible

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35
Q

this facial bone is the larges and strongest bone of the face

A

mandible

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36
Q

this facial bone forms the only moveable joint of the skull

A

mandible

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37
Q

this facial bone shapes the cheek and forms the outer margin of the orbit

A

zygomatic bone

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38
Q

these facial bones form the upper part of the bridge of the nose

A

nasal bones

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39
Q

this facial bone form the lower edge projecting into the nasal cavity and forming the nasal meatus

A

inferior nasal conchae

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40
Q

this facial bone forms the posterior portion of the nasal septum

A

vomer bone

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41
Q

these contain the eyes, associated eye muscles, lacrimal apparatus, blood vessels and nerves

A

right and left eye orbit

42
Q

four _________ allow the fetal skull to mould during the birth process and allow rapid growth of the brain

A

fontanels or ‘soft spots’

43
Q

u-shaped bone located just above the larynx and below the mandible; suspended from the styloid process of the temporal bone; only bone that does not articulate with another bone

A

hyoid bone

44
Q

consists of 24 vertebrae plus the sacrum and the coccyx

A

vertebral column

45
Q

5 segments of the vertebral column:

A
  1. cervical (7)
  2. thoracic (12)
  3. lumbar (5)
  4. sacrum
  5. coccyx
46
Q

all vertebrae, except the first have a flat rounded body anteriorly and centrally, and a ____________ process posteriorly

A

spinous

47
Q

all but the __________ and _________ have a vertebral foramen

A

sacrum, coccyx

48
Q

the second cervical vertebra has an upward projection to allow rotation of the head called this:

A

the dens

49
Q

each thoracic vertebra has articular facets for the _______

A

ribs

50
Q

dagger-shaped bone in the middle of the anterior chest wall

A

sternum

51
Q

the sternum is made up of 3 parts

A
  1. manubrium
  2. body
  3. xiphoid process
52
Q

upper handle part of the sternum

A

manubrium

53
Q

middle blad part of the sternum

A

body

54
Q

blunt cartilaginous lower tip of the sternum that ossifies during adult life

A

xiphoid process

55
Q

_____________ (part of the sternum) articulates with the clavicle and the first rib

A

manubrium

56
Q

nine ribs join the body of the _________ either directly or indirectly, by the costal cartilages

A

sternum

57
Q

12 pairs of ribs, with the vertebral column and sternum form the ___________

A

thorax

58
Q

2 extremities the comprise the appendicular skeleton

A
  1. upper

2. lower

59
Q

6 parts of the upper extremity

A
  1. shoulder girdle
  2. humerus
  3. ulna
  4. radius
  5. carpal bones
  6. metacarpal bones
60
Q

this part of the upper extremity is composed of the scapula and the clavicle

A

shoulder girdle

61
Q

this part of the upper extremity is characterized as the long bone of the upper part of the arm

A

humerus

62
Q

ribs 1 through 7 =

A

true ribs

63
Q

this part of the upper extremity is the long bone found on the little finger side of the forearm

A

ulna

64
Q

this part of the upper extremity is the long bone found on the thumb side

A

radius

65
Q

this part of the upper extremity is characterized as 8 small bones that form the wrist

A

carpal

66
Q

the _____________ between the radius and the carpals allow wrist and hand movement

A

joints

67
Q

this part of the upper extremity is what forms the framework of the hand

A

metacarpal bones

68
Q

the lower extremity consists of 6 parts:

A
  1. pelvic girdle
  2. femur
  3. patella
  4. tibia
  5. fibula
  6. foot
69
Q

this part of the lower extremity consists of the ___________ and the 2 _________ bones bound tightly by strong ligaments

A

sacrum, coxal

70
Q

3 bones that each coxal bone is composed of:

A
  1. ilium (largest & uppermost)
  2. ischium (strongest & lowermost)
  3. pubis (anteriormost)
71
Q

this part of the lower extremity is characterized as the longest and heaviest bone in the body

A

femur

72
Q

this part of the lower extremity is characterized as the largest sesamoid bone in the body

A

patella

73
Q

this part of the lower extremity is characterized as the larger, stronger or more medially and superficially located of the two leg bones

A

tibia

74
Q

this part of the lower extremity is characterized as the bone that articulates proximally with the femur to form the knee joint

A

tibia

75
Q

this part of the lower extremity is characterized as the smaller, more laterally and deeply placed of the 2 leg bones

A

fibula

76
Q

this part of the lower extremity is characterized as the bone that articulates with the tibia

A

fibula

77
Q

this part of the lower extremity is characterized as the structure similar to that of the hand with adaptations for supporting weight

A

foot

78
Q

foot bones are held together to form spring _________

A

arches

79
Q

2 spring arches in the foot

A
  1. medial longitudinal arch

2. lateral longitudinal arch

80
Q

true or false

the male skeleton is larger and heavier than the female skeleton

A

true

81
Q

________ pelvis: deep and funnel shaped with a narrow pubic arch

A

male

82
Q

_________ pelvis: shallow, broad and flaring with a wider pubic arch

A

female

83
Q 
The human skeleton system consists of two divisions. They are the:
A.	compact and spongy.
B.	axial and cranial.
C.	appendicular and cranial.
D.	axial and appendicular.
A

D. axial and appendicular.

84
Q 
Which of the following is not in the appendicular skeleton?
A.	Vertebrae
B.	Tarsals
C.	Femur
D.	Clavicle
A

A. Vertebrae

85
Q 
Which of the following is a facial bone?
A.	Zygomatic bone
B.	Occipital bone
C.	Parietal bone
D.	All of the above
A

A. Zygomatic bone

86
Q 
Which of the following is not a bone in the leg?
A.	Mandible
B.	Femur
C.	Fibula
D.	Tibia
A

A. Mandible

87
Q 
The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the:
A.	symphysis pubis.
B.	sternum.
C.	humerus.
D.	carpal.
A

B. sternum.

88
Q 
Which of the following bones form the framework of the hand?
A.	Metacarpals
B.	Metatarsals
C.	Carpals
D.	Tarsals
A

A. Metacarpals

89
Q 
The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the:
A.	hyoid bone.
B.	tibia.
C.	patella.
D.	parietal.
A

C. patella.

90
Q 
Which two bones compose the shoulder girdle?
A.	Humerus and ulna
B.	Ulna and clavicle
C.	Clavicle and scapula
D.	Humerus and scapula
A

C. Clavicle and scapula

91
Q 
Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist?
A.	Carpals
B.	Tarsals
C.	Metacarpals
D.	Metatarsals
A

A. Carpals

92
Q 
Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?
A.	Tibia
B.	Fibula
C.	Femur
D.	Humerus
A

C. Femur

93
Q

Which bone is the only bone that does not normally form a joint with any other bone of the skeleton

A

hyoid

94
Q

Name the 3 types of the vertebrae and how many of each type are found in the the vertebral column

A

Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), and Lumbar (5).

95
Q

what bones make up the boney cage known as the thorax

A

Ribs, vertebral column, and sternum

96
Q

what is a floating rib

A

A floating rib is one that does not attach even indirectly to the sternum.

97
Q

what bones make up the shoulder girdle and where does the shoulder girdle form a joint with the axial skeleton

A

Clavicle and scapula. The sternoclavicular joint between the sternum and clavicle.

98
Q

what are the 2 bones of the forearm? In the anatomical position which one is lateral

A

Radius and ulna. The radius is lateral.

99
Q

name the bones of the hand and wrist

A

Hand bones: metacarpals. Wrist bones: carpals.

100
Q

which 3 bones fuse during skeletal development to form the coccyl bone (hip bone)

A

Ilium, ischium, and pubis.

101
Q

what is the functional advantage of foot arches

A

Arches furnish more supporting strength per given amount of structural material.

102
Q

name 2 difference between typical male and female skeletons

A

Answers may include differences in general form, skull, and pelvis (cavity, sacrum, coccyx, pubic arch, symphysis pubis, ischial spine, ischial tuberosity, anterior superior

Anatomy and Physiology Test #1 (18 decks)

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