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Anatomy and Physiology Test #1 > Ch. 17 - Blood > Flashcards

Ch. 17 - Blood Flashcards

1
Q

2 things is blood made up of:

A
  • plasma

* formed elements

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2
Q

Blood is a complex __________ system that performs vital __________ and __________ services for the body

A
  • transport
    • pickup
    • delivery
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3
Q

What is the keystone of the body’s heat-regulating mechanism

A

blood

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4
Q

This varies according to age, body type, sex and method of measurement

A

blood volume

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5
Q

3 formed elements of blood

A
  • Red blood cells (RBCs; erythrocytes)
    • White blood cells (WBCs; leukocytes)
    • Platelets
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6
Q

These cells have no nucleus and are shaped like tiny biconcave disks

A

RBCs

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7
Q

These cells do not contain ribosomes, mitochondria and other organelles typical of most body cells

A

RBCs

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8
Q

The primary component of this cell is hemoglobin

A

RBCs

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9
Q

This type of cell is the most numerous component of the formed elements of blood

A

RBCs

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10
Q

What is the critical function of RBCs & what molecule is responsible for this?

A
  • transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

* hemoglobin

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11
Q

This enzyme found in RBCs catalyzes a reaction that joins carbon dioxide to water and forms carbonic acid:

A

Carbonic anhydrase (CA)

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12
Q

This acid disassociates and generates bicarbonate ions which diffuse out of the RBC and serve to transport CO2 in the blood plasma

A

Carbonic acid

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13
Q

There are approximately 200-300 million of this molecule within each RBC

A

hemoglobin

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14
Q

Hemoglobin is made up of 4 ____________ __________ and attached to 1 __________ ___________

A
  • globin chains

* heme group

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15
Q

Hemoglobin is able to transport _____ oxygen molecules, forming ___________________.

A
  • 4

* oxyhemoglobin

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16
Q

True or false? A male has a lesser amount of hemoglobin than a female.

A

false

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17
Q

A decrease in the number or volume of functional RBCs in a given unit of whole blood

A

anemia

18
Q

Entire process of RBC formation is known as this:

A

erythropoiesis

19
Q

RBC formation begins in the red bone marrow as these:

A

hematopoietic stem cells

20
Q

Entire RBC maturation process takes approximately ______ days

A

4

21
Q

Adult RBC creation and destruction rate is approximately ____ ___________/minute

A

100 million/minute

22
Q

_____________ mechanism operates to balance the number of cells formed against the number of cells destroyed

A

homeostatic

23
Q

Average lifespan of a circulating RBC:

A

105 - 120 days

24
Q

Aged, abnormal or fragmented RBCs are destroyed through phagocytosis by _____________ cells

A

macrophage

25
Q

3 components released through the breakdown of hemoglobin:

A
  • amino acids
    • iron
    • bilirubin
26
Q

2 types of WBCs

A
  • Granulocytes

* Agranulocytes

27
Q

3 types of granulocytes

A
  • neutrophils
    • eosinophils
    • basophils
28
Q

2 types of a agranulocytes

A
  • lymphocytes

* monocytes

29
Q

This granulocyte makes up approximately 65% of total WBC count in a normal blood sample

A

neutrophil

30
Q

These granulocytes are highly mobile and very active phagocytic cells

A

neutrophils

31
Q

This granulocyte is capable of diapedesis

A

neutrophil

32
Q

The cytoplasmic granules in this granulocyte contain lysosomes

A

neutrophil

33
Q

This granulocyte accounts for 2-5% of circulating WBCs

A

eosinophil

34
Q

Numerous quantities of this granulocyte are found lining the respiratory and digestive tracts

A

eosinophil

35
Q

These granulocytes are weak phagocytes and are capable of ingesting inflammatory chemicals and proteins associated with antigen-antibody reaction complexes.

A

eosinophil

36
Q

This granulocyte provides protection against infections caused by parasitic worms and allergic reactions

A

eosinophil

37
Q

This granulocyte accounts for only 0.5-1% of circulating WBCs, is motile & capable of diapedesis

A

basophil

38
Q

This granulocyte has cytoplasmic granules that contain histamines and heparin

A

basophil

39
Q

This agranulocyte is the smallest of the WBCs and the second most numerous WBC

A

lymphocytes

40
Q

This agranulocyte accounts for approximately 25% of circulating WBCs, including T & B _____________ that have an important role in immunity

A

lymphocytes, lymphocyte

41
Q

T ________________ attack an infected or cancerous cell

A

lymphocytes

42
Q

B _______________ produce antibodies against specific antigens

A

lymphocytes

Anatomy and Physiology Test #1 (18 decks)

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