Ch. 17 - Blood Flashcards
2 things is blood made up of:
- plasma
* formed elements
Blood is a complex __________ system that performs vital __________ and __________ services for the body
- transport
- pickup
- delivery
What is the keystone of the body’s heat-regulating mechanism
blood
This varies according to age, body type, sex and method of measurement
blood volume
3 formed elements of blood
- Red blood cells (RBCs; erythrocytes)
- White blood cells (WBCs; leukocytes)
- Platelets
These cells have no nucleus and are shaped like tiny biconcave disks
RBCs
These cells do not contain ribosomes, mitochondria and other organelles typical of most body cells
RBCs
The primary component of this cell is hemoglobin
RBCs
This type of cell is the most numerous component of the formed elements of blood
RBCs
What is the critical function of RBCs & what molecule is responsible for this?
- transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
* hemoglobin
This enzyme found in RBCs catalyzes a reaction that joins carbon dioxide to water and forms carbonic acid:
Carbonic anhydrase (CA)
This acid disassociates and generates bicarbonate ions which diffuse out of the RBC and serve to transport CO2 in the blood plasma
Carbonic acid
There are approximately 200-300 million of this molecule within each RBC
hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is made up of 4 ____________ __________ and attached to 1 __________ ___________
- globin chains
* heme group
Hemoglobin is able to transport _____ oxygen molecules, forming ___________________.
- 4
* oxyhemoglobin
True or false? A male has a lesser amount of hemoglobin than a female.
false
A decrease in the number or volume of functional RBCs in a given unit of whole blood
anemia
Entire process of RBC formation is known as this:
erythropoiesis
RBC formation begins in the red bone marrow as these:
hematopoietic stem cells
Entire RBC maturation process takes approximately ______ days
4
Adult RBC creation and destruction rate is approximately ____ ___________/minute
100 million/minute
_____________ mechanism operates to balance the number of cells formed against the number of cells destroyed
homeostatic
Average lifespan of a circulating RBC:
105 - 120 days
Aged, abnormal or fragmented RBCs are destroyed through phagocytosis by _____________ cells
macrophage
3 components released through the breakdown of hemoglobin:
- amino acids
- iron
- bilirubin
2 types of WBCs
- Granulocytes
* Agranulocytes
3 types of granulocytes
- neutrophils
- eosinophils
- basophils
2 types of a agranulocytes
- lymphocytes
* monocytes
This granulocyte makes up approximately 65% of total WBC count in a normal blood sample
neutrophil
These granulocytes are highly mobile and very active phagocytic cells
neutrophils
This granulocyte is capable of diapedesis
neutrophil
The cytoplasmic granules in this granulocyte contain lysosomes
neutrophil
This granulocyte accounts for 2-5% of circulating WBCs
eosinophil
Numerous quantities of this granulocyte are found lining the respiratory and digestive tracts
eosinophil
These granulocytes are weak phagocytes and are capable of ingesting inflammatory chemicals and proteins associated with antigen-antibody reaction complexes.
eosinophil
This granulocyte provides protection against infections caused by parasitic worms and allergic reactions
eosinophil
This granulocyte accounts for only 0.5-1% of circulating WBCs, is motile & capable of diapedesis
basophil
This granulocyte has cytoplasmic granules that contain histamines and heparin
basophil
This agranulocyte is the smallest of the WBCs and the second most numerous WBC
lymphocytes
This agranulocyte accounts for approximately 25% of circulating WBCs, including T & B _____________ that have an important role in immunity
lymphocytes, lymphocyte
T ________________ attack an infected or cancerous cell
lymphocytes
B _______________ produce antibodies against specific antigens
lymphocytes
