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Principles of Microbiology > Ch 8 Genomes > Flashcards

Ch 8 Genomes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is positive supercoiling?

A

DNA is overwound

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2
Q

What is negative supercoiling?

A

DNA is underwound

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3
Q

Who possesses negative supercoiling?

A

Eukaryotes, bacteria, and most archaea

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4
Q

Who possesses positive supercoiling?

A

Archaea living in acid at high temperatures

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5
Q

Which enzyme changes DNA supercoiling

A

topoisomerase

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6
Q

What does Type I topoisomerase do?

A

Cleaves on DNA strand and use single proteins (less negative supercoils)

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7
Q

What does Type II topoisomerase do?

A

Cleaves both strands of DNA, has multiple units

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8
Q

_________is an example of Type__ topoisomerase

A

DNA gyrase, II

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9
Q

What antibiotic targets DNA gyrase?

A

Quinolone

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10
Q

What is semiconservative DNA replication?

A

Each daughter cell receives one parental and one newly synthesized strand

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11
Q

Where does bacterial replication begin?

A

Origin (oriC)

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12
Q

Where does bacterial replication end?

A

Termination (ter) sites

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13
Q

What is DnaA?

A

The initiator protein

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14
Q

What is DnaB?

A

Helicase

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15
Q

What is DNA primase?

A

Synthesis of RNA primer

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16
Q

What is DNA Pol III?

A

A major replication enzyme

17
Q

What is DNA Pol I?

A

Replaces RNA primer with DNA

18
Q

What is DNA gyrase?

A

Relieves DNA supercoiling

19
Q

What does the sliding clamp do?

A

Tethers DNA pol. to DNA so it doesn’t fall off

20
Q

What is the leading strand?

A

Replicated continuously in the 5’-3’ direction

21
Q

What is the lagging strand?

A

Replicated discontinuously in stages

22
Q

What are Okazaki fragments?

A

Synthesized DNA fragments linked together by DNA ligase to form the lagging strand

23
Q

What does the replisome do?

A

Makes sure that the leading and lagging strand go in the 5’-3’ direction

24
Q

How to get rid of RNA primers?

A

RNase H

25
Q

What does helicase do?

A

Temporarily separates double helix strands so DNA/RNA synthesis can occur

26
Q

What do tus proteins do?

A

Act as a counter-helicase to stop DNA synthesis

27
Q

What are ringed catenanes?

A

They form at the end of replication to be separated by topoisomerase IV

28
Q

What are plasmids?

A

DNA molcs. that replicate independently

29
Q

True or False: Plasmids can be resistant to antibiotics

A

True

30
Q

True or False: Plasmids cannot be transferred amongst cells

A

False

31
Q

What direction do plasmids replicate?

A

Bidirectionally and rolling-circle

32
Q

True or False: Archaea replication resembles that of eukaryotic replication

A

True

Principles of Microbiology (26 decks)

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