Ch 10 Bacterial DNA repair

Question 1

What is mutation?

Answer 1

A heritable change in the DNA

Question 2

What is point mutation?

Answer 2

Change in a single base pair

Question 3

What is transition?

Answer 3

Purine>purine
Pyrimidine>pyrimidine

Question 4

What is transversion?

Answer 4

Purine>pyrimidine
Pyrimidine>purine

Question 5

What is insertion?

Answer 5

Adding one or more bases

Question 6

What is deletion?

Answer 6

Subtracting one or more bases

Question 7

What is inversion?

Answer 7

DNA is flipped in orientation

Question 8

What is reversion?

Answer 8

DNA mutates back to original sequence

Question 9

What is a silent mutation?

Answer 9

Does not change the amino acid sequence

Question 10

What is missense mutation?

Answer 10

Changes the amino acid sequence to another

Question 11

What is nonsense mutation?

Answer 11

Changes the amino acid sequence to a stop codon

Question 12

What is frame-shift mutation?

Answer 12

Changes the open reading frame of the gene

Question 13

What are some mutagens?

Answer 13

Chemical agents, Electromagnetic radiation

Question 14

Electromagnetic radiation: What do x-rays and gamma rays do?

Answer 14

Break DNA

Question 15

Electromagnetic radiation: What do ultraviolet rays do?

Answer 15

Form pyrimidine dimers

Question 16

What is the mutation rate?

Answer 16

Number of mutations formed per cell division

Question 17

Mutation frequency?

Answer 17

Ratio of mutants per total cells in the population

Question 18

What does the Ames test do?

Answer 18

Identifies mutagens

Question 19

What are error-proof pathways?

Answer 19

They prevent mutations

Question 20

What are error-prone pathways?

Answer 20

Risk introducing mutations when the cell has so much damage it has to mutate or die to survive