Ch 3 Bacterial Culture and Growth Flashcards
What is essential nutrients?
Nutrients that must be supplied by the environment
Macronutrient elements needed
CHONPS
Macronutrient ions needed
Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+. K+
Micronutrients trace elements needed for enzyme function
Co, Cu, Mn, Zn
What are autotrophs?
Fix CO2 and assemble into organic molc. (sugars)
What are heterotrophs?
Consume other organism for energy source
How do phototroph obtain energy?
Chemical reactions triggered by light
How do chemotrophs obtain energy?
Oxidation-reduction reactions
How do lithotrophs obtain energy?
Use inorganic molc. as a source of energy
How do organotrophs obtain energy?
Use organic molc.
True or False: Fungi are heterotrophic consumers
True, parasitism
What organisms are photoheterotrophic?
Algae, produce biomass through photosynthesis
How is nutrients taken up into the cell?
Through the membrane
What is facilitated diffusion?
Helps move solutes from a high conc. to a low conc. without using ATP
What is group translocation?
Uses energy to chemically alter substrates during transport
True or False: Phosphotransferase system (PTS) is present in all bacteria
True
How does phototransferase system (PTS) work?
Uses phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to attach a phosphate to specific sugars
True or False: Active transport does not require ATP
False
What is coupled transport system?
Energy released by an ion moving down its conc. gradient is used to push a solute up its conc. gradient
What is symport?
Two molc. travel in the same direction
What is antiport?
The actively transported molc. travels in an opposite direction than the driving molc.
What is a defined media medium?
Contains only the compounds needed for and organism to grow
True or False: We’ve succeeded in culturing all of the microorganisms around us
False
How do you find the growth rate of bacteria (hint: binary fission)?
2^n
n=number of generations
How do find generational time?
Nt = No x 2^n
final=initial x growth rate
Bacterial growth curve
Lag, exponential stationary, death
