Ch 6 Bacterial Cell Structure/Function

Question 1

What is the nucleoid?

Answer 1

Non-membrane bound area of the cytoplasm that contains the chromosome in form of looped coils

Question 2

Membrane: What is the phospholipid?

Answer 2

Consists of glycerol, ester links to two fatty acids, and phosphoryl head group

Question 3

What is cholesterol?

Answer 3

Sterols in eukaryotic membranes

Question 4

The equivalent of cholesterol but in bacteria

Answer 4

Hopanoid/hopanes

Question 5

What is the purpose of membrane proteins?

Answer 5

Structural support, detects environmental signals, ion transport, and energy storage

Question 6

True or False: Selective transport is essential for survival

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What is diffusion?

Answer 7

Movement of molc. from a higher conc. to a lower conc. (O2 and CO2)

Question 8

How does water travel across the membrane?

Answer 8

Osmosis

Question 9

True or False: Weak acids and bases can change the pH of the cell

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False: Polar and charged molc can transport across the membrane freely

Answer 10

False, they need specific protein transporters

Question 11

What is passive transport?

Answer 11

Molc. move along their conc. gradient

Question 12

What is active transport?

Answer 12

Requires energy for molc. move against their conc. gradient

Question 13

What is peptidoglycan made up of?

Answer 13

N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, bound to a peptide of 4-6 amino acids

Question 14

What is the S-layer in gram positive cell envelopes?

Answer 14

An additional protective layer found in free-living bacteria and archaea

Question 15

What are lipopolysaccharides?

Answer 15

Large molc. consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide found in gram-negative bacteria