Ch 7 Bacterial Cell Structure/Function II

Question 1

What does RNA polymerase do?

Answer 1

Transcribes DNA into a single strand of RNA

Question 2

The main structural difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Eukaryotes have a well-defined nucleus
Prokaryotes have a nucleoid region

Question 3

What does mRNA do?

Answer 3

It binds to a ribosome for translation into a polypeptide

Question 4

What does a tRNA do?

Answer 4

Aids mRNA by bringing the amino acids to the ribosome

Question 5

True or False: Prokaryotes transcription and translation is very separate

Answer 5

False, they are tightly coupled

Question 6

What is a signal recognition particle (SRP)?

Answer 6

Binds to growing peptides to help in protein synthesis

Question 7

How does Bacterial DNA replicate

Answer 7

In coordination with cell expansion producing two daughter cells

Question 8

What is the ori site?

Answer 8

The origin

Question 9

True or False: DNA replicates bidirectionally

Answer 9

True

Question 10

How does DNA replicate bidirectionally?

Answer 10

There are two replication forks where DNA is synthesized by DNA polymerase and accessory proteins until the termination site is made, then the replication forks separate from the DNA

Question 11

What does the generation of the termination site do?

Answer 11

Triggers growth of the septum which eventually separates in to two daughter cells

Question 12

Septation: Which bacteria is associated with parallel planes?

Answer 12

Streptococci

Question 13

Septation: Which bacteria is associated with random planes?

Answer 13

Staphylococci

Question 14

Septation: Which bacteria/yeast is associated with perpendicular planes?

Answer 14

Tetrad and Sarcina

Question 15

What is asymmetrical cell division?

Answer 15

One daughter cell is stationary while the other is motile

Question 16

What are thylakoids?

Answer 16

Extensively fold intracellular membranes that contain chlorophyl

Question 17

What are carboxysomes?

Answer 17

Have the enzyme Rubisco for CO2 fixation

Question 18

What are gas vesicles used for ?

Answer 18

Increased buoyancy

Question 19

What do storage granules…store?

Answer 19

Glycogen, PHB, PHA, (for energy)
Sulfur (for oxidation)

Question 20

What are magnetosomes?

Answer 20

Membrane-embedded crystals of magnetite, Fe3O4 (swimming)

Question 21

What are pili used for?

Answer 21

Attachment

Question 22

What is another name for pili?

Answer 22

Fimbriae

Question 23

What are sex pili used for?

Answer 23

Conjugation

Question 24

What are stalks?

Answer 24

Membrane-embedded extensions of the cytoplasm that secrete enzymes called holdfasts (adhesion)

Question 25

What are nanotubes?

Answer 25

Intercellular connections that pass material from one cell to another

Question 26

Who uses rotary flagella?

Answer 26

Motile prokaryotes

Question 27

What do the rotary flagella look like on peritrichous cells?

Answer 27

Randomly distributed around the cell

Question 28

What do the rotary flagella look like on lophotrichous cells?

Answer 28

They are at the end of the cell

Question 29

What do the rotary flagella look like on monotrichous cells?

Answer 29

They only have one

Question 30

True or False: Flagellin is driven by a Sodium-Potassium pump

Answer 30

False: proton motive force

Question 31

What is chemotaxis?

Answer 31

The movement of bacterium in response to chemical gradients

Question 32

When do bacteria (by flagellum) move CCW?

Answer 32

With attractants (run)

Question 33

When do bacteria (by flagellum) move CW?

Answer 33

With repellants (tumble)

Question 34

True or False: Environmental stress can cause bacteria to change cell structure

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What is sporulation?

Answer 35

Process executed to adapt to starvation, forming an endospore which is dormant

Question 36

What are heterocysts?

Answer 36

Cyanobacteria form these when oxygen is low and are still able to maintain oxygenic photosynthesis

Question 37

What are fruiting bodies?

Answer 37

When starved they swarm together when they sense food

Question 38

What are filamentous structures?

Answer 38

The hyphae from fungi separate into arthrospores when starved to prevent drying out