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Neuroscience (By Chapter) > Ch. 7 Somatosensation: Clinical Application > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Somatosensation: Clinical Application Flashcards

1
Q

Somatosensation contributions to function

A
  1. contribute to smooth coordinated movement
  2. help protect from injury
  3. contribute to understanding environment
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2
Q

Quick Screening

A
  1. vibration (A-beta: DC/ML)
  2. Conscious Proprioception (Ia, Ib, II: DC/ML)
  3. Fast pain (A-delta: anterolat column)
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3
Q

Threshold

A

minimal detectable touch that can still be sensed

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4
Q

2 problems of sensation

A
  • Nn fail to transmit signals (not enough sensation)

- Nn transmit inappropriate sensory messages (too much sensation)

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5
Q

Anesthesia

A

lack of sensation

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6
Q

Paresthesia

A
  • extra sensation: painless, abnormal, tickling/tingling

- sign of NS irritation

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7
Q

Analgesia

A

lack of pain

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8
Q

hypalgesia

A

less pain

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9
Q

dysesthesia

A
  • extra sensation: unpleasant, abnormal, burning, shooting

- sign of NS irritation

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10
Q

Allodynia

A

Normally nonpainful stimulus causes pain

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11
Q

Sensory ataxia

A
  • uncoordinated movement due to disorder of sensation

- (specifically loss of unconscious proprioception)

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12
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

normally painful stimulus causes greater pain than expected

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13
Q

Pain

A
  • an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience

- Multifaceted (sensory/physical, limbic/autonomic, cortical)

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14
Q

fast pain function

A
  • withdraw/escape from pain
  • Acute: A-delta, superficial
  • alert to danger
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15
Q

peripheral sensitization

A
  • by products of inflammation can sensitize free nerve endings
  • decrease threshold (easier to elicit pain)
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16
Q

Components of testing somatosensation

A
  • Discriminative Touch (A-beta; skin/subQ)
  • Conscious proprioception (Ia; spindles)
  • Fast Pain (A delta)
  • Discriminative Temp (A-delta)
17
Q

Complete Eval

A

(Quick eval plus:)

  • threshold (monofilaments)
  • Sensitivity (2 point discrim)
  • higher (cortical) sensation (perception: stereognosis)
18
Q

return of sensation order

A
  • slow pain
  • heat
  • fast pain
  • cold
  • conscious proprioception (Ia, A-beta)
19
Q

Order of loss of sensation

A
  • Conscious sensation (Ia, A-beta)
  • cold
  • fast pain
  • heat
  • slow pain
20
Q

Small diameter affected first by:

A

anesthetics, toxins, metabolic insufficiency

21
Q

Hypesthesia

A

less sensation

22
Q

Slow pain function

A
  • rest damaged tissue

chronic: C, deep

23
Q

3 Aspects of pain to treat

A
  • sensory discriminative
  • motivational/affective
  • cognitive/evaluative
24
Q

antinociception

A
  • pain relief
  • turn down pain
  • pain control
25
Q

Top-down response to pain

A
  • antinociception

- pronociception

26
Q

Pronociception

A
  • turn up pain

- increase perception of pain

27
Q

5 levels of pain control

A 
I-periphery
II-dorsal horn
III-brain stem, descending
IV-Subcortical (hormone)
V-cortical
28
Q

Level II pain control

A
  • dorsal horn
  • counter irritant
  • presynaptic inhibition of pain neurons
  • activate A-beta Nn in same area to decrease pain signal at synapse
29
Q

Level III pain control

A
  • brainstem descending
  • presynaptic inhibition from above
  • activated by level IV pain control
30
Q

Level IV pain control

A
  • Subcortical
  • hormone level
  • hypothal, pig gland and adrenal medulla release endogenous opiates into blood to decrease pain
  • from aerobic exercise
  • can outlast pain stimulus
31
Q

Level V pain control

A
  • cotrical
  • mind over matter
  • perception, attn, distraction, placebos, stress-induced analgesia etc
  • thinking can turn on level III and IV
32
Q

Level I pain control

A
  • periphery

- remove stimulus/irritant

33
Q

Chronic Pain

A
  • nociceptive (continuing pain stimulus)=pain neurons functioning normally
  • neuropathic=NS/pain neurons malfunctioning, no continuing stimulus
34
Q

Level II pronociception

A

LTP of pain pathway and other malfunctions

35
Q

Level I Pronociception

A

peripheral sensitization can turn on nociception

36
Q

Level V pronociception

A

psychological stress can amplify pain perception

Neuroscience (By Chapter) (21 decks)

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